Implementation Of Rfid On Supply Chain Management

IMPLEMENTATION ISSUES OF RFID IN SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT: Introduction to RFID Technology: Supply chain management a major sector in almost all the product and service based organizations mean that managing the flow of goods, cash and information internally or externally and within an organization or group of organizations that follow same value chain. There are many existing technologies and also emerging technologies in the field of supply chain management. The gist of the paper is Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tags an emerging technology in supply chain management and how it can be implemented or developed more effectively so that there can be an increase in the efficiency of supply chain management system. These†¦show more content†¦As they are thinner than a paper and smaller in size it becomes difficult for the consumers to remove these tags. Some RFID tags can be printed on the product and may not be removable at all. As they need not be swiped or scanned they can be read by any anonymous person with a tag reader can read data from your clothes or a ny consumer product or someone might approach you already knowing what you have in your pocket. There is also a risk of linking the RFID tag number of a particular product you bought from a store with your credit card details without your knowledge which is a high potential threat for highly sensitive personal information which may lead to credit card fraud who manages to read the data from the RFID tag or manages to steal RFID data from database of the store where you purchased the product. This study gives an insight into the issues with application of RFID technology in administration of assembling and supply chain. In assembling, commonplace application focuses of RFID appear to be associated with different purposes in warehouse management, process administration, and supply chain management. Also, assembling tools and instruments can be controlled with the help of RFID. Supply chain management can likewise be seen on a bigger scale as life cycle administration, in which the item can be observed or controlled after it is conveyed to its last client. Right now,

Productive and Counterproductive Behaviors Paper Free Essays

Productive and Counterproductive Behaviors in the Workplace Employees within an organization can either contribute positively or negatively towards their employing organization’s overall success and effectiveness. The organizations that ream the most productive behaviors from their employees typically incorporate motivational and leadership activities that encourage these behaviors (Jex Britt, 2008). This paper will define counterproductive and productive behaviors and describe the impact those behaviors have on job performance and the overall performance of an organization. We will write a custom essay sample on Productive and Counterproductive Behaviors Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now Counterproductive Behaviors Logic says that employees should want to do well in their jobs. But despite this logic, some employees do not. For various reasons employees will sometimes perform counterproductively towards their employer’s overall goals. Examples of these types of behaviors are ineffective job performance, frequent absence from work, unsafe behavior, turnover, theft, violence, substance abuse, and sexual harassment (Jex Britt, 2008). These types of behaviors can result in high costs for organizations.Detecting Counterproductive Behavior The best way employers can detect counterproductive behavior among employees is to perform routine performance appraisals. There are several methods for performing appraisals, including electronic, production data, and subjective appraisals. Each of these systems has pros and cons to it, and are only marginally effective (Jex Britt, 2008). The truly best way to detect counterproductive behavior is to interact with employees and monitor their job satisfaction. What Causes Counterproductive Behavior?An employee who does not perform well in his or her job may do so for reasons like lack of ability, interruptions from other employees, or poor task design (Jex Britt, 2008). As well, poor job performance may result from elements in the organizational climate that provoke poor attitude, or, much less often, because of deep psychiatric problems (Jex Britt, 2008). Once an employer detects a counterproductive behavior among his or her workforce he or she must try to pinpoint the cause of the behavior. One way of doing this is through the attribution process, in which the mployee’s supervisor would evaluate an employee’s current performance against his or her past performance, his or her performance on specific tasks versus his or her overall performance, and his or her performance compared to other employees. By doing this the supervisor can try to determine the cause of the ineffective behavior and whether it is being caused by internal (lack of ability or motivation, poor attitude, or psychiatric issues) or external (coworkers, poor task design, or lack of tools) factors (Jex Britt, 2008). Responding to Counterproductive BehaviorOnce a beh avior is detected and the cause of the behavior is analyzed, employers must decide how to respond to the behavior. The best first response is to have the employee’s manger discuss the counterproductive behavior with the employee in question (Jex Britt, 2008) and determine whether the behavior can be corrected in order for the employee to retain his or her position. Once the discussion takes place the manager and employee can decide whether further training or coaching would encourage improved behavior or whether an Employee Assistance Program (EAP) would be beneficial (Jex Britt, 2008). Of course, organizations would be best off to prevent counterproductive behaviors from occurring at all. This can be done by going to the effort and expense of hiring the right employees, possibly by utilizing the tools of selection programs to analyze potential employees skills and personalities. As well, employers should nurture their employees’ skills and abilities to encourage productive job performance. Finally, they should also offer employees frequent feedback and measurement of their performance to help keep them on track with respect to organizational expectations (Jex Britt, 2008).Productive Behaviors Despite the fact that some employees do not contribute positively to the organizations they work for, most employees try to perform their jobs to the best of their abilities and even go above and beyond their required duties at times. Examples of productive behaviors include positive job performance, organizational citizenship, creativity, and innovation (Jex Britt, 2 008). Assessing Productive Behaviors Organizational psychologists use various models to assess job performance. These models evaluate in-role (technical aspects of a given job) and extra-role (skills that transcend the specific content of a job such as communication skills and being a team player) performance by employees (Jex Britt, 2008). These assessments allow managers to recognize productive employees and encourage and motivate them to continue in their efforts. Predictors of Productive Behaviors There are several methods that organizations can use when recruiting employees to predict whether candidates will contribute positively to their organization.These include general cognitive ability, level of job experience, and the personality trait of conscientiousness (Jex Britt, 2008). By evaluating these predictors, organizations can save themselves time and money by hiring the right people who will contribute to organizational goals without excess coaching, training, or need for reprimand. The Affects of Counterproductive and Productive Behaviors Clearly an organization will be affected by the employees that support it. Employees that contribute positively will help the organization move towards its goals, and, if innovation and creativity are present, possibly even surpass their goals. On the other hand, employees who work counterproductively within an organization, will cost management time and may require additional effort to be spent on reputation management, recruitment, and training (Jex Britt, 2008). Organizations would be best served to recruit employees with the most potential to work productively by analyzing their job experience, personality, and cognitive ability before offering an individual a job.References Jex, S. M. , Britt, T. W. (2008). . Organizational Psychology. A Scientist-Practitioner Approach, Second Edition. Retrieved from https://ecampus. phoenix. edu/classroom/ic/classroom. aspx. 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Shes Gone (re-done) free essay sample

We had just walked into my house, my brother and I. We had both had a rough day and since the van was gone, figured my mom was still taking care of my aunt. Getting the dishes cleaned and working together, we cleaned the house. Soon the house phone rang and everyone already knew. With tears streaming, we didn’t need to speak or hear the words my cousin spoke. My mom pulled in just as the words came out. She’s gone, and with that affirmation, the tears ran harder. The look on my mother’s face as she walked in said it all, she already knew. She was paler than snow and the sparkle that her eyes normally held had vanished. The depression and exhaustion she felt showed through her face and we all could feel it radiate off of her. It was pure, raw and would take a life time to get it out. We will write a custom essay sample on Shes Gone (re-done) or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It would take a life time to get the crazy child at heart mother I had always known, back. To mom, she lost more than just a family member, more than a sister. She lost a best friend. Where as for me, I lost a second mother, lost the back bone to my family, and lost the only other connection to my real dad that I had. The day my aunt Leona passed on, was hectic. While my mom explained what she had come to understand, the rest of us, minus my step dad, got ready. They were holding a viewing at my aunt’s house for the family. At this time, I spaced out and don’t even remember what happened between getting ready and walking to the hospice bed in which Leona’s still lay. When I finally came back to reality I was crying at the bed side. I cried so hard I couldn’t breathe. Slowly, I walked away and straight into the bathroom down the hall. Shutting the door and not bothering to lock the door, I sank to the floor and cried. In my family, there’s no such thing as â€Å"alone time.† If someone cries, everyone knows. After a moment, my mom knocked at the door and I politely asked her to leave me alone. She ignored my request and pushed the door open anyway. Crying she sat in the bathroom with me for what seemed like hours. During this time, my cousin Kenny was outs ide smoking and trying to escape reality. After our small eternity, my mom and I finally came out of the bathroom and I walked out to be with him. Kenny knew I had been crying and knew better than anyone why Leona’s death hit deeper than any before. To understand the connection between my aunt and me, I would have to start at the beginning. After my real dad died, my aunt, Leona, took my broken family in. It was crowded but we all managed to live. Leona helped raise me and my brother, Mike. She was our second mother ever since and whatever I couldn’t say to my mom, I would tell her. She would then help me find a way to talk to my mom. She was our backbone. The funeral wasn’t until the Monday after Christmas

Women Sports Essays - Sexism, Womens Sports, Ice Hockey,

Women Sports Women and women's sports have made great strides since the mid 70's. Although, gender inequality in sports is still common in most sports today. Prior to the early 1970 women did not have teams or similar programs that the males had. In 1972 the government finally stepped in and passed Title IX of the Educational Amendments. Today women are given many opportunities to participate in sports. While opportunities have increased for women, the equal rights of men and women's athletics are still heavily favoring men's athletics'. Many sports played by women are still seen as inferior to men sports. Men can make a wealth profession from playing professional sports. Women have little to no options, as there are few professional women's team. The NBA and the WNBA are examples of a professional sport that both men and women have there own league. The biggest difference in the leagues is that the NBA players make extremely larger salary than the women of the WNBA. Main reason for the salary difference is that people are willing to pay a larger amount to see a NBA game. Also the NBA has spent millions in advertisements. In most cases, women's athletics programs are seriously lacking the funds as compared to men's programs. In most universities men's programs have the better gym, the nicer facilities, the newest equipment, and the top notch coaching staff. While the women's teams are not subjected to the same luxuries as the men's teams. This is due to the bonuses schools have by having a excellent men's athletic program. Football teams like Nebraska, Texas, and Michigan rely heavily on their football teams. When there football team has a good year they will participate in a big time bowl, such as the 'Sugar Bowl'. Half of the money generated from the bowl is given to the school. This money usually ends up being a lot of money. Every year these schools depend on their football team to keep them financially sound. These schools can afford to pay a coach a large salary or build a new football stadium. These schools may have excellent programs for women's sports, but no female sport team can create the money that a big time football program can. Social equality of Men and Women's athletics has come a long way since 1970. Today women have some professional teams and have many sports opportunities in school. Racial discrimination in sports has existed since the beginning of sports. Much of all sports now are heavily desegregated, but racial discrimination has not disappeared. In the 1980's color was an issue as two black members of a golf team were not allow to play due to blacks not being allow to play on the course. Even with professional athletes, color has been an issue. Arthur Ashe was a professional tennis player who couldn't play tennis in some places in the United States. In 1986 black players of the Boston Red Sox were not allow to attend some clubs in spring training. Owners of professional teams could not afford to turn their heads on black athletes, as black athletes became their meal ticket to a successful franchise. While many black athletes are awarded with large financial contracts the owners are ones who are making more money. Without desegregation in some sports, owners would have been missing out on a golden opportunity. Some sports have been slow in the process of desegregation. Hockey for example is a sport that is mainly populated with white males. Players like Anson Carter of the Boston Bruins and Mike Grier of the Edmonton Oilers are example of black hockey player. Main reason that the NHL has few black hockey players is that many hockey players are from Canada and the northern States of the US. Place that are scarcly populated with black hockey players. Other reasons are that hockey is an expensive game to play and is mostly played in a cold weather area. Anson Carter is a product of his environment. He grew playing hockey as a child in Toronto, Ontario, a hockey city. While other friends quit hockey he stayed with it and now is a profession hockey player. Carter has received racial slurs from other hockey players. Carter continues to play all-star type hockey for the Boston Bruins.

Radiologic Technologist (Radiographer or X-Ray Technician) Essay Example

Radiologic Technologist (Radiographer or X Radiologic Technologist (Radiographer or X-Ray Technician) Paper Radiologic Technologist (Radiographer or X-Ray Technician) Paper Radiologic Technology is the science of using radiation to produce the images that radiologist use to diagnose injury and disease. Radiologic technologist or radiographer function as part of the health care team by assisting physicians, namely radiologist, in procedures, operating imaging equipment, positioning, and care of patients. . The radiographer is also responsible for patient and personal safety, as well as upkeep of equipment. To be able to perform these duties, radiographers must follow guidelines set down by various organizations and be able to perform duties in a professional, caring manner. To become radiologic technologists, students must graduate from an accredited radiologic technology program and pass the national board exam, known as the American Registry of Radiologic Technologists (ARRT). There are both college-based and hospital-based programs. The Joint Review Committee on Education in Radiologic Technology (JRCERT) accredits these programs. Training includes radiation safety, proper positioning and procedures, patient care, as well as ethical and legal standards. With experience and additional training, staff technologists may become specialists, performing CT scanning, ultrasound, cardiovascular angiography, and magnetic resonance imaging as well as becoming an educator. Experienced technologists may also be promoted to supervisor, chief radiologic technologist, and ultimately to radiographer manager. The ARRT is responsible for testing and provides certification for these advancement positions. Radiographers work in a variety of settings including hospitals, clinics and outpatient centers. The Joint Commission for Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO) accredits hospitals and makes sure hospitals maintain expected standards. Today, many hospitals are affiliated with Health Maintenance Organizations (HMO). All members of the health care team in these hospitals help keep costs down by promoting preventative care. They must be role models for good health to set an example for patients. The imaging department of a hospital is usually headed by the radiographer manager who works closely with radiologists and administration to establish policies and budgets. Under the manager is the chief technologist who schedules staff, maintains supplies, and sees to day to day operations. Staff radiographers must follow the chain of command to function as part of the health care team. Radiologic technologists are represented on a national level by the American Society of Radiologic Technologist (ASRT). The ASRT helps provided educational opportunities, monitors legislation that affects the profession, and establishing standards of practice. Each state also has their own society that helps contribute to the advancement of the profession. The society established a Scope of Practice, which defines responsibilities, required qualifications and duties, allowed to perform by radiographers. A Position Description defines specific duties of the various specialty imaging areas as well as staff radiographer. Local standards prevail over national or state standards. The ASRT and the ARRT developed a Code of Ethics for technologist to provide a high standard of conduct. The principles cover prejudices, professional behavior, confidentiality, and safety responsibilities. By adhering to these principles, technologists can minimize the possibility of having a lawsuit brought against them. Another important aspect of the job is to take care of personal physical and mental well being. To be able to help others, radiographers must maintain good health and be able to cope with stresses of work and personal life. In Maslow’s hierarchy of need, self-actualization is the ultimate goal. When technologist achieve this goal they are able to cope with stresses, and have the ability to focus on patients to provide quality care.

Anne Sexton’s Twisted Version of Sleeping Beauty

Anne Sexton’s Twisted Version of Sleeping Beauty Sleeping Beauty’s Sexual Scars in Anne Sexton’s â€Å"Briar Rose† Parents often use fairytales as bedtime stories for their children. Anne Sexton takes these often light-hearted and whimsical tales and spins them into a creation of her own. According to Diana Hume George in â€Å"An Overview of Sexton’s Canon,† Sexton, â€Å"updated their contexts and language to point out their applications to and parallels with modern life, and she exposed the dark psychic core of each tale in ways that inverted or even reversed their normative meanings.† The poem â€Å"Briar Rose (Sleeping Beauty),† begins with a girl in a hypnotic state, sitting on her father’s lap. The stanza is ominous and uncomfortable to read, setting the tone for the rest of the poem. In the following stanzas, the traditional fairytale plays out but as it continues, Briar Rose’s happy ending is nowhere to be seen. Sexton focuses on pivotal events in the story and twists them in a way that recreates the original fairytale and exposes its darker unde rtones that are otherwise overlooked in the original story. Sexton begins the first stanza in third person and describes a girl in a hypnotic trance in order to establish the unsettling tone for the rest of the poem. The speaker states that, â€Å"She is stuck in the time machine, / suddenly two years old sucking her thumb† (l. 7-8). The girl regresses to a younger age, making her more childlike and vulnerable. The speaker goes on to state that the girl struggles to find her mother but instead, her father is the one to hold her. Whilst on his lap, he tells her, â€Å"Come be my snooky / and I will give you a root† (l. 21-22). Snooky is slang for ones romantic partner and a root is phallic in shape. For the father to tell his daughter this immediately signals the incestual undertones that will be present later on. Over the course of the poem, Briar Rose’s life is marked by unfortunate events. The first one occurs when she is only a baby. Her father held a christening for her but he only owned twelve gold plates and therefore only invited twelve fairies. The thirteenth fairy, feeling spurned, prophesizes that â€Å"The princess shall prick herself on a spinning wheel in her fifteenth year and then fall down dead. Kaputt!† (l. 37-40). The use of a silly phrase such as â€Å"Kaputt!† contrasts greatly to the grave tone of the situation. It highlights the intended lethalness of the curse, which is otherwise glossed over in the watered-down, bedtime version of the fairytale. In response to the curse, the king becomes overbearing in his need to protect his daughter. He orders every spindle in the kingdom to be destroyed. This makes sense in regards to the prophecy but the king’s orders eventually become more extreme. The speaker states that, â€Å"He forced every male in the court / to scour his tongue with Bab-o / lest they poison the air she dwelt in† (l. 60-62) By having the men clean themselves with a modern-day product containing bleach, it is as if the king wants the men to purify themselves so that they will not corrupt his daughter. The curse said nothing of specifically men doing harm to Briar Rose though, so the king’s need to protect her becomes obsession-like. The king’s obsession over his own daughter’s purity is the beginning of the incestual undertones that subverts the original tale’s message of sefless love. Try as he might, the king’s precautions to keep Briar Rose safe from both men and the curse are thwarted, resulting in the second pivotal moment within the story. Inevitably, Briar rose pricks her finger on a spinning wheel, sending both her and the inhabitants of the kingdom into a deep slumber. The speaker describes the sleeping inhabitants in terms of modern-day parallels, such as comparing the frogs to zombies and the trees to metal. By doing so, the slumbering kingdom’s fate becomes more sinister, as if the inhabitants are petrified instead of simply sleeping. Over the years, many princes try to break the curse but they, â€Å"had not scoured their tongues / so they were held by the thorns / and thus were crucified† (l. 86-88). The princes dying show the king’s control over Briar Rose, even while she sleeps. Ultimately, they cannot rescue her because they had not scoured their tongues as the men of the court had done and thus were deemed unfit in the father’s eyes. A hundred years pass and a prince finally breaks the curse, although everything is not what it seems. In the third pivotal event, when the prince kisses Briar Rose awake, she cries, â€Å"Daddy! Daddy!† (l. 96). After being awakened after such a frightful occurrence, it would only make sense for a girl to cry out for her father, but Briar Rose was specifically awakened by a kiss. This implicates that the father has kissed Briar Rose as well, giving the reader a glimpse of the sexual abuse she suffered as a child. At this point, the original fairytale ends with Briar Rose living happily ever after with her prince. In Sexton’s version of the story, Briar Rose awakening marks the beginning of her downward spiral. Although Briar Rose marries the prince, she becomes an insomniac, still haunted by the memories of her father’s sexual abuse. She becomes dependent on drugs and cannot sleep, â€Å"without the court chemist / mixing her some knock-out drops / and never in the prince’s presence† (l. 106-108). Briar Rose becomes more and more disturbed by the memories her father’s sexual abuse but refuses to let her spouse know. Briar Rose’s sexual abuse at the hands of her father results in the overall deterioration of both her mental and physical health. Briar Rose’s health steadily worsens until she descends into a state of delirium. The speaker switches from that of third person to first and says, â€Å"I must not sleep / for while asleep I’m ninety / and think I’m dying† (l. 120-122). Briar Rose goes back and forth between different points of her life, from when she was a small child at the hands of her father to when she was in the hundred-year slumber. Because of this, Briar Rose becomes even more dependent on drugs, similarly to how real-life victims of sexual abuse can fall victim to drug usage in order to cope with their past. In the following stanza, it becomes evident that the girl in the beginning of the poem is the modern-day parallel to Sexton’s recreated version of Sleeping Beauty. In the first stanza, the little girl is just â€Å"learning to talk again† (l. 10). She lost her will to talk after being sexually abused but slowly starts to come forth with what happened, just as Briar Rose begins to do. The speaker says, â€Å"I was forced backward. / I was forced forward† (l. 145-146). The movements mimic the sexual positions that her father forced her into when she was younger. Although older and now married, Briar Rose still feels like a prisoner to her father. This directly subverts the wholesome image of the king in the original tale. In Anne Sexton’s version of Sleeping Beauty’s, the king is the true villain of the story because of what he did to his daughter. By raping her as a child, he ensures a lifetime of unhappiness to follow. In the traditional fairytale, a prince eventually thwarts the thirteenth fairy’s curse and awakens the princess with true love’s kiss. It embodies a wholesome message of good conquering evil. Sexton twisted the fairytale and utilized specific themes within it – such as a father’s love – in order to give voice to victims of incest and sexual abuse. In reality, many victims do not lead a happy life because of the memories of abuse that stay with them, long after it ends. By doing the same to Briar Rose, Sexton shows that not everyone can live a happily ever after.

Mergers and acquisitions-B Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Mergers and acquisitions-B - Coursework Example Are any Sell-Offs Likely? 10 7. Risk – Given that the Majority of Takeovers Destroy Shareholder Value, What Are the Major Risks? 11 Conclusion 13 References 14 Introduction Evidences reveal that M&As can be quite risky to lead the pathway of the acquiring company’s destruction and on the other hand, be highly beneficial to assist the company in the attainment of its long-term objectives. Despite the immense risk, companies opt for M&As in order to gain the benefits of operational leap, integration, larger customer base, channels and higher competencies (Galpin & Herdon, 2007). One of the most risky acquisitions in the recent past can be identified as the acquisition of National Westminster Bank (NatWest) by the Royal Bank of Scotland (RBS) in the year 2000. It is recorded as one of the most daring acquisitions, due to the fact that during the period of acquiring NatWest, RBS was recognised to be smaller than the target company. It took a great effort from RBS’s e nd to complete the deal and rewarded it the reputation of one of the leaders in the British Banking Industry (Larsen, 2007). With this concern, the paper will examine the entire process of acquisition considering the various aspects, such as strategic fitness of NatWest, regulatory factors influencing the process, justification of the valuation of acquisition, defence tactics applied, implementation of integration and risks involved in the acquisition. 1. Strategy – How Does The Target Company Appear To Fit into the Acquirer’s Long-Term Strategy? According to the experts, strategic fitness of the target company in M&A is considered to be one of the most significant aspects while determining the plan. Because, underneath every M&A the observed motive of the acquiring company or the merging companies are to increase the value of the two companies together which would be more than the sum of the total values of both the companies. Strategic fit of the target company, thus , holds a significant position to increase the overall value of the acquirer (Lee & Pennings, 1996). The strategic fit of the acquisition and the target company can be analysed in depth considering the fact that M&As are often termed as a past of the strategic objective of the acquirer to attain growth and higher competency (Edinburgh Business School, 2008). The objective can be well identified in the acquisition of NatWest by RBS. It was a horizontal acquisition, which means that the target company and the acquirer belonged to similar product line and also to a similar cultural background. This reduced the constraints in terms of cultural divergences. The prime objective of the acquisition depended on the fact that RBS was facing major difficulties in terms of shrinking stock prices to approx 32% and required growth. Similarly, with an increased competition and reducing market share led by the falling stock price and increased operational costs; NatWest opted to go for an M&A in or der to survive in the industry (Mahar & Polson, 2003). Being three times larger than RBS, NatWest was able to reward a higher market share and increased balance sheet value quite instantly after the acquisition with a paid bid of ?21 billion (NatWest, n.d). Subsequently, the stock price of RBS increased rapidly over the next two years (Mahar & Polson, 2003). Therefore, it is quite apparent that the acquisition proved to be a successful one in the short-term as well as in the long-term perspective. The market

Social Media Network Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Social Media Network - Essay Example cial media are both an opportunity and a threat. Not going away. Very important, probably will become even more so. [153 Words] Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of social media and evaluate its importance in today’s society. The twenty first century is characterised by a very fast pace of life, and the proliferation of information technology. The age of industrialisation and manufacturing has given way to a postmodern age of globalisation where in Western developed countries there is an emphasis on service industries. The whole of society has now become networked in multiple different ways. (Castells, 1999). Computers are the tools of this new trade, and while some people in the world are reaping great benefits from this technological revolution, there are millions who through poverty and exclusion cannot participate in the new wave of social media which is taking over the world. This paper examines how social media, such as facebook, flickr, youtube, and twitter are a ffecting human relations in many ways, looking first and the advantages they offer and secondly the inherent disadvantages. There are four main advantages in social media, namely maintaining relationships with friends and family; forging new relationships, which can include buying and selling things, playing games, meeting people through dating sites etc; facilitating work and education tasks, by using social media to gather information, make connections with experts, or collaborate on tasks; and above all there is a huge potential for the formation of common interest groups including those which promote particular leisure pursuits, hobbies, political parties, religion or any other subject. All of these possibilities enrich the range of connections that an individual makes, and have the potential bring concrete benefits to daily life, especially for people who are lonely, disabled, housebound, or just in need of friendship. Similarly, there are a number of disadvantages associated w ith social media including the possibility of deception, since people on social media sites are unknown and may provide false information or act with malicious intent; social media can be very distracting, and even addictive, especially when conveyed over mobile devices like the iphone; they entail a loss of privacy, and in some situations a loss of self-respect, since items placed on social media sites can often not be removed, leaving a lasting legacy for others to see, and finally they offer a kind of substitute for real human relationships and this can be a huge disappointment to people who invest too much hope in social media. Some of the disadvantages of social media are quite subtle, as for example was predicted back in the 1960s by theorists who pointed out that â€Å"the medium is the message† (McLuhan, 1964, pp. 7-20) , which means that the way we relate to technology causes us to take in hidden messages which in turn change the way we see the world, and indeed ours elves. When using social media, people can adopt any identity they wish, and can experiment so widely that they lose touch with their own

White Privilege Essay Example for Free

White Privilege Essay Introduction Research Question: Do individuals in the Midwest experience the affects of white privilege? During this investigation I seek to explore the differences in privilege that males and females, of different race and ethnic backgrounds, experiences in their daily lives. My fellow Sociology of Race and Ethics classmates and I will conduct Peggy McIntosh’s White Privilege survey, in hopes to find any differences in privilege felt by individuals of varying age, gender, race or class membership. My hypothesis is: According to Peggy McIntosh’s White Privilege survey, she suggests that white people are privileged with what she describes as â€Å"an invisible package of unearned assets, which I (Peggy McIntosh) can count on cashing in each day, but about which I was ‘meant’ to remain oblivious. White privilege is like an invisible weightless knapsack of special provisions maps, passports, code books, visas, clothes, tools, and blank checks† (McIntosh, 1988). I suggest that with the changing of times, and ever growing equality that this distinct idea of white privilege is no longer prevalent. I believe that, McIntosh’s view of white privilege is no longer applicable in today’s Midwestern society and culture. I hypothesize that age will have more of an effect on responses to the survey than that of gender or race. I predict that younger people (below 20) are at a greater risk of feeling â€Å"underprivileged†. For my second hypothesis, I suggest that overall people in the Midwest feel privileged versus not. I believe this because I feel that the social stratification in the US, especially in the Midwest, has declined creating a more equal environment for all. Data Collection I will receive my data though the use of Peggy McIntosh’s White Privilege survey. First I will take the survey, while recording my answers, and then give the survey to ten other individuals, recording their answers in the same format. My fellow classmates will do the same, then all of the information will be then collected and charted accordingly into cross-tabulation tables. Each survey participant will be asked to rate their responses on a 1-4 scale: 1 = Strongly Agree, 2 = Agree, 3 = Disagree and 4= Strongly Disagree. The date responses can than be interpreted as answers of Strongly Agree, and Agree indicating a greater response of â€Å"privilege† – which McIntosh believes suggests members in a majority group. The data will then be organized into cross-tabulation tables. Each table will contain only two variables – one independent variable (gender, age, race, member of the class or not) and one dependent variable (each statement from the survey). After collecting the data a few changes were made: age was recoded into groups of ages, while also recoding all responses of ‘Disagree’ and ‘Strongly Disagree’ into one value for each variable, both to make analysis easier. Race was also recoded into ‘White’ and ‘All Other Races’ to expedite analysis. Also the ethnicity variable responses were found to be unreliable, so that variable was removed before running the data. When reading a cross-tabulation table it is important to remember that in order to interpret the data response, you must look for the differences in the percentages of responses not in the difference in the number of responses. Also, the needed information is, if the independent variable (gender, age, race or class membership) seems to make a difference in how a person responds to the dependent variable (the questions). After all the data has been gathered and charted, I will then compare the findings to my hypothesis. In order to discover whether my hypothesis is true or false I will evaluate the cross tables of age, gender, race and class completed from the collected data. Exploring the Data Younger ages (less than 20) have a larger affect than old age in feeling â€Å"underprivileged†. After analyzing the data, I believe my hypothesis that the ages 18-19 feel underprivileged as compared to the older ages, was correct. This is represented in the findings, that of the ten questions surveyed, exactly one half the questions (five of ten) the age group 18-19 had the highest disagreement percentage compared to the other age groups. No other age group had close to the equivalent outcomes, the closest age group being groups 24-34 and 45-50 both with two. The findings show that in one half of all situations this age group is presented with, they feel as though they are underprivileged as compared to other age groups, but by examining just the 18-19 age group or age as a whole, the majority feel as though the ‘Agree’ they are privileged. This finding is universal through all independent variables. While comparing all independent variables, of the 10 survey scenarios no matter what the independent variable is 70% of the time the participants feel they ‘Agree’ to being privileged. Exploring Data – Midwesterners overall feel â€Å"privileged† versus â€Å"underprivileged† no matter the independent factor. After analyzing the cross-tabulations, I feel as though my hypothesis about the Midwestern society is spot on. The data show’s that across any independent factor (age, gender, race and lass membership) a large majority of the participants surveyed feel as though they ‘Agree’ to being privileged. This is an overwhelming statistic that is constant throughout all independent variables; of the ten surveyed scenarios people agree 70% of the time to feeling privileged. In only, one scenario do people as a whole feel as though they are underprivileged. Overall Analysis and Personal Findings I found the collective results very interesting, especially in the age category. I thought it was interesting that older adults feel less privileged more than or equal to that of middle aged adults. I had assumed, that in our society much like that of the Native American societies that respect and privilege comes with age. I found the data surprising that the age group that tended to feel most privileged was ages 20-21. In four of the ten scenarios, the 20-21 year olds surveyed felt the most privileged or ‘Strongly Agreed’ to the situation as compared to all other age groups. I did not expect this, as the previous age group had felt the most underprivileged in half of the scenarios, and in only an addition 1-2 years, the surveyed participant went from feeling the most underprivileged to the most privileged. I had guessed that the feeling of privilege would gradually increase with age groups, leaving the oldest age group (50 and older) with the highest feeling of privilege. I thought this, not only because society often deems wisdom with age, but also because the older participants surveyed may have grown up in a more dominant white privilege society, and those same feelings and thought processes would still be relevant to the way they feel they fit in society. All in all, I found very interesting facts from the data collected in every category. Things that I had thought would hold true, often did not. Such as, when considering the independent variable of gender, I assumed that women would primarily feel as though they were underprivileged as compared to men, but the data shows other wise. From this survey, men felt more underprivileged as compared to their female counterparts 100% of the time. Another fact that I found shocking was that when considering race as the independent variable. My hypothesis that white privilege was no long prevalent in the Midwest was incorrect. Participants of the ‘Other’ race felt underprivileged in half of the scenarios, and the other half they only ‘Agreed’ to feeling privileged. As compared to their ‘White’ counterparts, feeling privileged 100% of the time. I do believe that in the Midwest, things are moving close to equality as this is seen in at least half or more of the situations both the ‘White’ and ‘Other’ race group feel as though they ‘Agree’ to being privileged. No one group stands out as ‘Strongly Agreeing’ to be privileged for the majority. This tells us, that although there are still instances of white privilege, the Midwestern society is moving away from that and more towards social equality. Works Cited: McIntosh, Peggy. Daily effects of white privilege. White Privilege: Unpacking the Invisible Knapsack. Wellesley College Center for Research on Women, 1988. Tues. 19 Feb 2013. .

George Orwell and Winston Smith in Nineteen Eighty-Four Essay -- Ninet

George Orwell and Winston Smith in Nineteen Eighty-Four    "On each landing, opposite the lift shaft, the poster with the enormous face gazed from the wall. It was one of those pictures which are so contrived that the eyes follow you about when you move. BIG BROTHER IS WATCHING YOU, the caption beneath it ran." (Orwell 4 "Nineteen"). George Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-Four presents a negative utopian picture, a society ruled by rigid totalitarianism. The government which Orwell creates in his novel is ruled by an entity known as Big Brother and consists of three branches. The Ministry of Truth, overseeing the distribution of propaganda and other printed materials, the Ministry of War, the millitary unit, and the Ministry of Love, the law enforcement division, make up the government. The main character, Winston Smith, does not completely accept the ideology that is fed to him by the government, through the concept of Big Brother. When one examines George Orwell's life, it can be clearly seen that he personifies his political perceptions, social and aesthetic characteristics, and self-examination of his own writing, through Winston Smith, in Nineteen Eighty-Four. Orwell's political perceptions, especially his skepticism of mass media, are given life through Winston Smith. Spending time working for the British Broadcasting Company (BBC), Orwell experienced many distorted truths and propaganda (Woodcock 9). This led to an intense distrust of those in power and their influence on the information distributed to and recieved by the general public. Orwell explains how history is altered by whomever is in power. In Orwell's essay "Revising History" he examines the credibility of history and finds that it is... ...cyclopedia of Modern World Literature. New York: Hawthorn Books Inc. 1963: 343. Kollar, Maros. "George Orwell Biography." 4 pgs. Online. America Online. 18 Jan. 1999. Available: www.suldal.vgs.no/engelsk/orwell/bioorw.htm. Magill, Frank N. ed. Survey of Science Fiction Literature. Vol. 3. Englewood Cliffs: Salem Press, 1979: 1532-1533. Orwell, George."Revising History." As I Please 4 Feb. 1944. Online. America Online. 2 Jan. 1999: 1-2. ---.Nineteen Eighty-Four. Ontario: Penguin Books, 1949: 10, 61. ---."Why I Write." 1947: 5pgs. Online. America Online. 2 Jan. 1999. Available: www.resort.com/~prime8/orwell/whywrite.html. Reilly, Patrick. Nineteen Eighty-Four: Past, Present and Future. Boston, MA: Twayne Publishers. 1989: xv, xvi. Woodcock, George. The Crystal Spirit. Boston: Little, Brown and Company. 1966: 9, 57, 219, 258.

Platos Apology Of Socrates Essay

INTRODUCTION Plato makes it clear, especially in his Apology of Socrates, that he was one of Socrates’ devoted young followers. In that dialogue, Socrates is presented as mentioning Plato by name as one of those youths close enough to him to have been corrupted, if he were in fact guilty of corrupting the youth,[1] and questioning why their fathers and brothers did not step forward to testify against him if he was indeed guilty of such a crime. The relationship between Plato and Socrates is not unproblematic. The charges against Socrates says that he has two sets of accusations: the old, longstanding charges that he is a criminal, a busybody, and a curious person who makes inquiries into the earth and sky, and the recent legal charges that he is guilty of corrupting the young, and of believing in supernatural things of his own invention instead of the gods recognized by the State.[2] Which he terms as charges stemmed from years of gossip and prejudice against him and hence was unanswerable. The trial of Socrates is the central, unifying event of the great Platonic dialogues.   The causes that occasioned this Apology were as follow: – Aristophanes, at the instigation of Mellitus, undertook, in his comedy of the clouds, to ridicule the venerable character of Socrates, on the stage; and the way being once open to calumny and defamation, the fickle and licentious populace paid no reverence to the philosopher, whom they had before regarded as a being of a superior order.[3] When this had succeeded, Melitus stood forth to criminate him, together with Anytus and Lycon; and the philosopher was summoned before the tribunal of the Five Hundred. He was accused of making innovations in the religion of his country, and corrupting the youth. However, as both these accusations must have been obviously false to an unprejudiced tribunal, the accusers relied for the success of their cause on perjured witnesses, and the envy of the judges, whose ignorance would readily yield to misrepresentation, and be influenced and guided by false eloquence and fraudulent arts. In the Apology, Socrates tries to dismiss rumors that he is a sophist and defends himself against charges of disbelief in the gods and corruption of the young. Socrates insists that long-standing slander will be the real cause of his demise, and says the legal charges are essentially false. Socrates famously denies being wise, and explains how his life as a philosopher was launched by the oracle at Delphi. He says that his quest to resolve the riddle of the oracle put him at odds with his fellow man, and that this is the reason he has been mistaken for a menace to the city-state of Athens. THE APOLOGY of SOCRATES Socrates begins by saying he does not know if the men of Athens (his jury) translation often says â€Å"gentlemen,† have been persuaded by his accusers.[4] Plato often begins his Socratic dialogues with words that indicate the overall idea of the dialogue; in this case, â€Å"I do not know†. Indeed, in the Apology Socrates will suggest that philosophy consists entirely of a sincere admission of ignorance, and that whatever wisdom he has, comes from his knowledge that he knows nothing. Socrates asks the jury to judge him not by his oratorical skills, but by the truth. Socrates says he will not use ornate words and phrases that are carefully arranged, but will speak the chance thoughts that come into his head. I know not, O Athenians, how my accusers may affect you: I indeed have through them almost forgotten myself, so persuasively have they spoken; though, as I may say, they have not asserted any thing, which is true. However, among the multitude of their false assertions I am most surprised at this, in which they say that you ought to beware of being deceived by me, as if I were an eloquent speaker. For that, they should not be ashamed of asserting that which I will immediately confute in reality, since in the present instance I shall appear to you to be by no means eloquent, this seems to me to be the consummation of impudence; unless they call him eloquent who speaks the truth. The three men who brought the charges against Socrates were Anytus, son of a prominent Athenian, Anthemion. Anytus makes an important cameo appearance in Meno. Anytus appears unexpectedly while Socrates and Meno are discussing the acquisition of virtue. Having taken the position that virtue cannot be taught, Socrates adduces as evidence for this that many prominent Athenians have produced son’s inferior to themselves. Socrates says this, and then proceeds to name names, including Pericles and Thucydides. Anytus becomes very offended, and warns Socrates that running people down could get him into trouble someday. Meletus, the only accuser to speak during Socrates’ defense. He is mentioned in another dialog, Euthyphro, but does not appear in person. Socrates says there that Meletus is a young unknown with hooknose. In the Apology, Meletus allows himself to be cross-examined by Socrates and stumbles into a trap. Apparently not paying attention to the very charges he is bringing, he accuses Socrates of atheism and apparently, of believing in demi-gods. Lycon, about whom little is known; he was, according to Socrates, a representative of the orators. O Athenian, I should answer the first false accusations of me, and my first accusers, Socrates claims to never have been a teacher, in the sense of imparting knowledge to others. He cannot therefore be held responsible if any citizen turns bad. If he has corrupted anyone, why have they not come forward to be witnesses? Alternatively, if they do not realize that they have been corrupted, why have their relatives not stepped forward on their behalf? Many relatives of the young men associated with him, Socrates points out, are presently in the courtroom to support him.[5] For many have been accusers of me to you for many years, and who have asserted nothing true, of whom I am more afraid than of Anytus and his accomplices, though these indeed are powerful in persuading; but those are still more so, who having been conversant with many of you from infancy, have persuaded you, and accused me falsely.[6] For they have said, that there is one Socrates, a wise man, studious of things on high, and exploring every thing under the earth, and of believing in supernatural things of his own invention instead of the gods recognized by the State. These men, O Athenians, who spread this report, are my dire accusers. For those who hear it think that such as investigate these things do not believe that there are gods.[7] In the next place, these accusers are numerous, and have accused me for a long time. They also said these things to you in that age in which you would most readily believe them, some of you being boys and lads; and they accused me quietly, no one speaking in my defence. Such however, as have persuaded you by employing envy and calumny, together with those who being persuaded themselves have persuaded others. Consider, therefore, as I have said, that my accusers are twofold, some having accused me lately, and others formerly; and think that it is necessary I should answer the latter of these first; for you also have heard these my accusers, and much more than you have those by whom I have been recently accused. Be it so. I must defend myself then, O Athenians, and endeavor in this so short a space of time to remove from you the calumny that you have so long entertained. I wish, therefore, that this defence may effect something better both for you and me, and that it may contribute to some more important end. I think however that it will be attended with difficulty, and I am not entirely ignorant what the difficulty is. At the same time let this terminate as Divinity pleases. It is my business to obey the law, and to make my apology.[8] Conclusion Socrates concludes this part of the Apology by reminding the jurors that he will not resort to the usual emotive tricks and arguments. He will not break down in tears, nor will he produce his three sons in the hope of swaying the jurors. He does not fear death; nor will he act in a way contrary to his religious duty. He will rely solely on sound argument and the truth to present his case.[9]Socrates punishment speech angered the jurors. 360 of them voted for the death penalty; only 141 voted for a fine of 3,000 drachmae. Now Socrates has to respond to the verdict. He first addresses those who voted for death. He claims that it is not a lack of arguments that has resulted in his condemnation, but rather his unwillingness to stoop to the usual emotive appeals expected of any defendant facing death. Again, he insists that the prospect of death does not absolve one from following the path of goodness and truth. To those who voted for his acquittal, Socrates gives them encouragement: He says that his daimon did not stop him from conducting his defence in the way that he did as a sign that it was the right thing to do. Therefore, death must be a blessing. It is either an annihilation (thus bringing eternal peace from all worries, and therefore not something to be truly afraid of) or a migration to another place to meet souls of famous people such as Hesiod and Homer and heroes like Odysseus. With these, Socrates can continue his task of questioning. Bibliography Leo Strauss. Socrates and Aristophanic. New York, 1966. [1] Pp 82-2 [2] Pp83- 2 [3] Pp 84-1 [4] Pp 82-2 [5]pp143-1 [6] Pp 138-2 [7] Pp 84-2 [8] Pp 180-2 [9] Pp163-4

Intel Capital

Intel Capital: The Berkeley Network Investment Berkeley Networks’ goal of creating an open architecture aligned with Intel’s strategic goal. Although each party did its homework to understand generally what it would give and get, the relationship seemed to carry some dissonance. Berkeley Networks desired a controlled relationship keeping Intel far from its strategic motives; Intel, on the other hand, wanted to be more involved with BN and develop a closer relationship. Intel wanted to integrate technology on the processor, and Berkeley Networks needed to retain its value and develop a relationship with Microsoft through its ties with Intel. Furthermore, Berkeley Networks provided Intel great introduction into new markets with new customers and the potential to develop a new market segment much quicker than Intel could develop on its own. At this point in the relationship between Berkeley Networks and Intel, Intel has not learned enough about Berkeley’s switch to call the investment successful. If the relationship continued, it is highly likely that Intelwould fulfill its goal of using Berkeley’s switch to promote its own products in networking equipment. Thus far, Intel has invested aggressively and been very successful with its investments. Furthermore, Intel has only invested a minimal amount in Berkeley Networks. I recommend Larson seriously consider blocking the potential There are a few other optionsI would recommend for Larson if Intel does not want to block the buyer. If the potential BN buyer would allow the relationship between BN and Intel to continue after the buyout, then Larson should simply continue with BN and reap the benefits. If Intel has a change of interest and simply wants financial rewards from Berkeley Networks, then it could buy shares of BN. Since Intel wants to further its relationship with BN, I think the best option is to pay to keep BN and maintain and grow Intel’sposition in the market.

Article VIII What does it really mean essays

Article VIII What does it really mean essays Article VIII: What Does It Really Mean? required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishment Excessive bail was borrowed with a few slight changes from the English Bill of Rights Act. The concept of bail in both England and in the United States was never thought as right to bail in all cases, but to provide that bail would not be excessive in cases where it is considered legitimate to set bail. The definition of Bail, as according to the Random House Dictionary of the English Language, property given as surety that a person released from custody will return custody will return at an appointed time. The concept of bail was first created by the Statute of Westminster the First of 1275 A.D., which created a detailed list of certain offenses that were bailable and those that were not. Because judges were permitted to imprison people with or without bail, the Petition of Right was enacted in 1628 A.D. Due to various frauds of petitions for habeas corpus which could not be presented the English Parliament enacted the Habeas Corpus Act of 1679 A.D., which established procedures for the release of prisoners from prison and created penalties for judges who did not comply with the Act. As a result of this, the judges then set bail so high, that it could not be met. With this Parliament responded by including in the Bill of Rights of 1689 A.D. a provision that excessive bail shoul d not be required. In America excessive fines were given meaning during the early part of the twentieth century. In an early case, the Supreme Court held that it had no authority to revise the sentence of an inferior court, despite the fact that the excessiveness of the fines were quite apparent on the face of the records. With the inability to pay, the poor were then sentenced to jail and thus giving meaning to the term ''excessive fines'' as it applied to the person sentenced. During the time the Eighth Amendment was adopt...

Visual Description & Personal Analysis Essays Essay

Visual Description & Personal Analysis Essays - Essay Example the body of the image, the overall work of the artist is quite fine as the amount of color power used was moderate for the viewer to understand what contents it ties to the real world. Due to its sound power of color for the image interpreted, from an atmospheric point of view, the image could have been taken from a close range or point of view. The aspect of chiaroscuro is, therefore, not presented at all as the image is very clear to both the reader and the viewer. In this image, the experience is very dim and thereby portraying that the atmospheric perspective point where the photograph was captured could have been at aver far distance or from an aerial point of view. There can articulation from this image that that the art of calligraphy was of low image as it its hue is much dim. The capturing of the photo is in an area that had very bright light hence interfering with the color strength of the experience of the product. From the look of the image, there is a depiction of the temperature of the image to be of that cool scenario due to the dimness of the image. The artist, therefore, could have used any of the complimentary colors that is either red and yellow or yellow and blue or yellow and violate to give the image the strongest contrast it could have. There is use of pointillism when viewed from a very close range since there are some small dots that could be seen at the background of the image. The small dots that the artist used during his painting work could also create an impression on the image as of rough texture surface. Rough texture may mean that the artist may not have been qualified nor intended to create a notable style or theme in the image to the respective viewer as every artist may have his or her own theme that he or she is trying to present to the viewer while designing his or her image. The proportionality of the image is also clearly brought as it tries to depict the entire environment as that of cool surrounding with the use of dim

American History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

American History - Essay Example The confederates lost the war because it was outclassed militarily by the north. Though it had strong generals by the book, they failed to mount an offensive that could defeat the commitment of the Northern forces. The North had a strong Navy to put blockades ion river ways and southern seaports. In terms of size, the south was not able to provide a force as big as the north (Bancroft and Nye 32). Dependency on the north for economic progress was also a weakness well exploited by the North. They had industries to produce finished goods and also make weapons. The South did not have many industries with huge economic capabilities. They even had to import their weapons and some of the finished goods. Black men serving in both the union and confederate forces had reduced roles with most of them helping in labor positions. There was the initial fear of arming black men especially in the south where they still remained slaves. They also served as nurses, blacksmiths and cooks in the army. More advanced military roles executed by the blacks included spying and scouting. The use of the black men was not widespread because the white men did not approve of their capabilities. Together with continuous racial discrimination, black men were termed inferior by fellow white men who even failed to train or equip them adequately. The black soldiers serving in the war also received lower payments for their services. The captured black soldiers received harsher punishment than the white prisoners of war. The objective of reconstruction was to make the rebel states come back to the union as well as help freedmen integrate into the society. The political wave by some section intended for those rebel states to face punishment and be subjugated. The punishment occurred but not the subjugation. The goals of the punishment were also not achieved. There were many divided opinions regarding the course of action that hampered the plan (Bancroft and

THE ACQUISITION AND THE ROLE OF HUMAN RESOURCES Assignment

THE ACQUISITION AND THE ROLE OF HUMAN RESOURCES - Assignment Example He left other executives and it didn’t keep them in the loop on the matter. This made other executives angry as to the modalities of the acquisition was not shared with them. Several questions were asked about the correctness of the acquisition strategy. Alan who had a fantastic working relationship with Peter was also not informed well about the acquisition. He was repeatedly told that this topic is not to be discussed among them and it is off the table. Peter didn’t trust their other executives and forgot that he should have adopted a leadership style where everyone’s ideas are put in place (Douglas 31-32). No one from the bottom line of workers was included and even when asked specifically about the company, Peter was visibly upset and without answering they left. This shows that he wanted to do the acquisition all by himself. This resulted in high turnover rate of the employees since it didn’t have a clearly defined goal and direction after the acquisi tion. Answer 2 Peter has included only three members as part of the acquisition team. He left out the other top executives from being part of the team. Hence the top management were visibly upset. Even Alan who was his best partner and shared so many successes was not kept updated with the acquisition story. There were times when Alan asked about the potential company, but Peter was surprised at how they knew the information which was supposed to be kept a secret. Peter became frustrated and replied that the discussion was off the table. He also tried to contact Peter in email but the answer was same. Several other employees began to ask the managers about the acquisition strategy but no one knew specifically to answer their queries. At a special executive meeting, Peter told others about the company name but directed them not to throw any suggestion at them (Geber 28-37). Many questions were thrown at them, but no proper answer to their questions was given. This made the executives irritated. They were wondered what was the product lien, marketing sales force, territories of the acquiring company. This made the top executives angry at the leadership style of Peter. Answer 3 Scorecard Inc. faced many Human Resource issue in course of Acquisition of Partners Manufacturing. After the Acquisition of the company, there was high rate of turnover. At first it was imperative on the management to formulate a HR policy which would be in line with the operations of Scorecard. All the employees should be given the same benefit so that they don’t feel any partiality is been done with them. The HR manager should compensate them following a proper method (Lubatkin 295-302). There shouldn’t be any inconsistencies in the decision making process which might lead to frustration. The employees should be properly given work on the basis of their competency level. At all levels of operations be it manufacturing or other, it was imperative to keep the keep the employe es motivated so that the customer loyalty doesn’t get affected. It was necessary to talk with the employees as to why they were leaving. Performance evaluations needed to be one thoroughly at all levels. Answer 4 Peter Wolfe, CEO of Scorecard was initially very effective which made the company grew at 5% per annum. But he was hesitant at first to acquire any company. But due to pressure from management, he finally agreed on going for acquisition of a company. He formed a group of three

Training and Development in Small Businesses Essay

Training and Development in Small Businesses - Essay Example The potential challenges that the management of the company may face will be discussed. It will also include different effects of detecting the gaps in the organization. This paper will suggest a competitive training strategy. The whole paper will be done on a step by step basis. It will be very helpful for Syntel Inc. It is very important for Syntel Inc to implement proper training and development strategies to improve their business performances. Syntel is an IT consulting company. Training and development will help them to learn new modern sides of different programming languages. In modern day business the organization comes across different critical projects related with modern programming languages (Barcus, 2007). The organization needs to train its employees properly to manage those projects. If proper training is not being provided by the company then employees will not be able to complete those complex projects properly. Training and development is needed to maintain the supply of talents continuously into the organization. Often it is being noticed that experienced employees are leaving the company. It is a loss for the organization. But that loss can be managed if well trained back up employees are ready with the company. It will not interrupt the performances of Syntel Inc. Different t raining and development programs will increase the efficiency of workers of the company. Once the efficiency of workers is increased then automatically productivity of the company will also increase. Increased productivity will improve the performance of the organization. Being a small business organization resources of Syntel are limited. It is very important for the management of the company to utilize their resources intelligently. Only suitable training and development programs for employees can increase the capacity of the whole workforce. Once the

Approach To Estimate The Salivary Flow Using Chromatography

Approach To Estimate The Salivary Flow Using Chromatography Abstract: Aim: To develop a simple and safe method to estimate the salivary flow using chromatography paper. Materials and Method: 30 volunteers participated in the study. The salivary flow rate was estimated using chromatography filter paper and compared with the salivary flow rate per minute. The assay consisted of 3 spots containing starch and potassium iodide per spot on filter paper. Based on the color reaction on the chromatography filter paper the salivary flow rate was estimated. Results: Pearson’s correlation test showed highly significant negative correlation when the salivary flow rate and the number of colored dots were compared. Conclusion: This method can be used as a chairside diagnostic aid in estimation of salivary flow Key words: chromatography filter paper, salivary flow rate, diagnostic aid A Novel Approach To Estimate The Salivary Flow Using Chromatography Paper Introduction: Quantitative and/or qualitative alterations in salivary secretion may lead to localadverse effects like caries, oral mucositis, candidiasis, oral infections, chewing disorders, halitosis and functional adverse effects like dysphagia, hypersalivation(sialorrhea) and hyposalivation(xerostomia).1 Whole saliva (mixed saliva) is a mixture of oral fluids that includes secretions from both the major and minor salivary glands, in addition to several constituents of non-salivary origin, such as gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), expectoratedbronchial and nasal secretions, serum and blood derivatives from oral wounds, bacteria and bacterial products, viruses and fungi, desquamated epithelial cells, other cellular components, and food debris.2 Stimulated saliva is produced on account of some mechanical, gustatory, olfactory, or pharmacological stimulus, contributing to around 80% to 90% of daily salivary production. In adults the total stimulated salivary flow ranges from 1 to 3 ml/min3whereas the unstimulated salivary flow at rest ranges from 0.25 to 0.35 ml/min.4 Unstimulated salivary flow rate is most affected by the degree of hydration, olfactory stimulation, exposure to light, body positioning, and seasonal and diurnal factors. There are various methods for the estimation of salivary flow including measurement of glandular salivary flow, resting salivary flow and stimulated salivary flow. The best two ways to collect whole saliva are the draining method, in which saliva is allowed to drip off the lower lip, and the spitting method, in which the subject expectorates saliva into a test tube.2 This method is time consuming and needs special apparatus like collection tubes or volume meter. AIM:To evaluatea simple and safe method for the estimation of salivary flow using chromatography paper MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study consisted of 30 volunteers comprising of 21 females and 9 males, aged 20-20yrs. The subjects were asked to sit in an upright position with their head bent in a downward position and were asked to collect the saliva in their mouth for 1minute and asked to spit into the collecting test tubes at the end of 1 minute to determine the salivary flow rate/min. METHOD OF PREPARATION OF FILTER PAPER: The filter paper for the estimation of salivary flow was prepared according to a method given by Takashi et al using soluble starch, potassium iodideand chromatography paper (70 mm Ãâ€"21 mm). 4 µl of the detection reagent (1% starch solution and 0.3 mol/L potassium iodide solution mixed at a ratio of 3:1) was placed at 3 places on the chromatography paper using a micropipette. The filter paper was left overnight in a cool dark room and then stored in a light-resistant container until use. The soluble starch and potassium iodide were dissolved in 0.1 mol/L Tris-HCl buffer the adjusted pH of 7.3.5 METHOD OF PREPERATION OF COLORING REAGENT: The coloring reagent was prepared from a solution of 31% hydrogen peroxide, ethanol and distilled water at a ratio of 1:7:1. METHOD OF COLLECTION OF SALIVA: Subjects were asked to open their mouths and then to lift the tongue. The tip of the paper was put on the center of the floor of the mouth in the sublingual region. After 1 minute, the filter paper was taken out and then the coloring reagent (approximately 2 µ L) was added dropwise to the spots in the filter paper. Via the iodine-starch reaction, colorless spots immediately turned blue. The number of blue spots, including partly colored spots (50%), was grossly counted as an integer. Based on this we examined the relationship between the number of colored spots and salivary flow rates after insertion of filter paper for 1 minute in the sublingual regions of healthy subjects.5 DISCUSSION: Common methods for collecting whole saliva include draining, spitting, suction and swab (absorbent) method. In draining method saliva is allowed to drip off the lower lip into a preweighted container or graduated test tube. In spitting method of collection, the saliva is allowed to collect in the floor of the mouth and subjects are asked to spit in the collecting tubes. Whereasin suction method saliva is continuously aspirated from the floor of the mouth into graduated test tubes. In absorbent method pre-weighed cotton rolls, swabs, or gauze are inserted into the opening of the ductal orifices of the salivary glands and reweighed after the collection is completed.The suction and swab method causes some degree of stimulation and variability and thus are not recommended for unstimulated salivary collection whereas swab method is said to be least reliable among the above mentioned methods.6 the otherdisadvantages of these methods are that they are time consuming and need special apparat us like collection tubes or volume meter. Takashi et al proposed the present method the present assay for salivary flow assessment. The assay system consists of 3 spots 1mm apart containing starch and potassium iodide on the filter paper. Potassium iodide in the spots easily gets displaced with the flow of saliva, in contrast to this starch does not get displaced and gets retained in the original spot. Thus, the colorless spots on the paper not infiltrated with saliva immediately turned blue with the addition of the coloring reagent that contained hydrogen peroxide, whereas the spots on the paper infiltrated with saliva does not show the color. Colored spot is based on the reaction of saliva between potassium iodide and starch in the chromatography paper and the color reaction of iodine-starch to hydrogen peroxide.5 Unstimulated saliva reflects the basal salivary flow rate while stimulated salivarepresents the fuctional reserve of the salivary glands. So the study of unstimulated saliva is useful for the study of salivary gland status.1The presentmethod can be of help in case of elderly patients suffering from xerostomia, in screening tests, post radiation therapy for cancer in elderly patients where salivary flow measurement can play a chair side diagnostic test. In addition, the method can easily be adjusted to variations in cutoff values and accuracy by changing the number of spots and distance between the spots on the filter paper With the present method excellent results were obtained between the salivary flow rate and the colored spots with an r value of -1 and p value of 0.0 in healthy individuals. Thus the routine use of this method as a chair side assessment assay for salivary flow would be of benefit to all practicing dentists and patients alike.

Essay --

Kashayla Snipes Dr. Nancy Blair English Composition 1102 February 25, 2014 Othello: A Tragedy of Jealosuy â€Å"Jealousy is troublesome to others, but a torment to themselves.† Those are words from a famous entrepreneur and philosopher, William Penn. In William Shakespeare’s Othello, the act of jealousy is a powerful sensation seen almost in every aspect and relationship throughout the tragedy. Furthermore, it is one of the most important topics in the play. Based on the conflicts within Othello, jealousy can be defined as troubles or misfortune caused by hallucinations. At the same time, Millicent Bell states in his essay, â€Å"Othello’s Jealousy† that the characters are driven to madness by being allowed to see what really is not so or simply using imagination. Bell also goes on to say the jealousy traits are shown only in a sexual manner. That statement can be argued against. True enough, sexual jealousy is shown in Othello, but it is not the only form of jealousy exposed. According to Medical Dictionary, sexual jealousy is a condition characterized by suspicion of a spouse's infideli...

How Far Was Political Opposition to the Tsar Divided 1881-1905?

How far was political opposition to the Tsar divided in their aims and methods, 1881-1905? Political opponents of the Tsar were clearly divided in their aims and methods, and consequentially may have contributed to the survival of Tsarist Russia. The main parties were the Social democrats (Bolsheviks and Mensheviks), Social Revolutionaries and Liberals (Octobrists and Kadets). Each of these radical parties had their own separate beliefs on what Russia needed and each aimed for some sort of change. However, within the groups, there were many issues, which they refused to work with each other to solve.The SR believed that Russia’s future lay with the peasantry and so they wanted to give peasants their own land and improve living conditions for working classes. They used tactics such as terrorism and assassinations, such as the assassination of Alexander II. The Liberals also aimed to deal with these social problems facing Russia while establishing a democracy. However, the Liber als, especially Octobrists, did not agree with the violent tactics. They preferred votes and discussions as a way to put across their opinion. In fact, the Liberals were the most moderate of all the radical parties in Russia.They wanted to abolish autocracy and have the power shared between a democratic government. Similarly, the Social Democrat party also wanted to establish a democracy but, once again, without their aggressive methods. While the SR had a terrorist wing, the Bolsheviks and Mensheviks preferred using propaganda campaigns. Although there are some similarities in the aims of the parties, the major differences in methods used meant that each group’s strength alone was not enough to achieve their own specific goals and even though the groups did have some tactics such as propaganda in common, it was not enough.The parties all also pursued support from different groups of the population. For example, while the Liberal Kadets got support from the educated middle cl ass, the Bolsheviks sought support from dedicated revolutionaries. Therefore, with no one party gaining support from a majority, it was hard for one to stand out and become a major threat to the Tsar at the time. Support came from the way each party appealed to the public. For example, while the SR carried out a wave of political assassinations in order to onvey their drastic belief of abolishment of Tsarism, their ideas of peasant ownership of land would spread and so peasants would support them and so would radical revolutionaries. In this way, they developed the â€Å"Russian Union of Peasants. † However, people who believed in non-violent methods would support the Liberals who are more moderate. This way, the parties will not get enough support to stand a chance against the main reasons why Tsarism should stay. These include the church, the belief of the divine right, the army and the Okhrana which were very effective in keeping the Tsar in a state of power.

Five Forces Model

Indus Motor Company (IMC) is a joint venture between the House of Habib , Toyota Motor Corporation Japan (TMC) , and Toyota Tsusho Corporation Japan (TTC) for assembling, progressive manufacturing and marketing of Toyota vehicles in Pakistan since July 01, 1990. IMC is engaged in sole distributorship of Toyota and Daihatsu Motor Company Ltd. vehicles in Pakistan through its dealership network. The company was incorporated in Pakistan as a public limited company in December 1989 and started commercial production in May 1993.The shares of company are quoted on the stock exchanges of Pakistan. Toyota Motor Corporation and Toyota Tsusho Corporation have 25 % stake in the company equity. The majority shareholder is the House of Habib. IMC's production facilities are located at Port Bin Qasim Industrial Zone near Karachi in an area measuring over 105 acres. Indus Motor Company’s plant is the only manufacturing site in the world where both Toyota and Daihatsu brands are being manufac tured. Heavy investment was made to build its production facilities based on state of art technologies.To ensure highest level of productivity world-renowned Toyota Production Systems are implemented. IMC's Product line includes 6 variants of the newly introduced Toyota Corolla, Toyota Hilux Single Cabin 4Ãâ€"2 and 4 versions of Daihatsu Cuore. We also have a wide range of imported vehicles. VISION AND MISSION: â€Å"IMC’s Vision is to be the most respected and successful enterprise, delighting customers with a wide range of products and solutions in the automobile industry with the best people and the best technology†. †¢ * The most respected. * The most successful. * * Delighting customers. * * Wide range of products. * * The best people. * * The best technology. Mission of Toyota is to provide safe & sound journey. Toyota is developing various new technologies from the perspective of energy saving and diversifying energy sources. Environment has been first and most important issue in priorities of Toyota and working toward creating a prosperous society and clean world. MANAGEMENT TEAM: Ali S. Habib (Chairman) K Hyodo (Vice Chairman) Parvez Ghias (Chief Executive Officer)INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY: Mr. Adnan Qazi (Chief Information Officer) FINANCE: Muhammad Faisal (Chief Financial Officer) Mustafa Hasan Lakhani (Company Secretary) HUMAN RESOURCE: Mr. Salim Azhar(Director) LOGISTICS, ADMINISTRATION & COMMERCIAL: Mr. Salim Azhar (Director) MANUFACTURING: Mr. Y. Tsubaki (Director) SALES & MARKETING: Mr. Raza Ansari (Director) INTERNAL AUDIT: Mr. Ahson Tariq (Chief of Internal Audit) Collaboration Equity : | | | Toyota Motor Corporation| | Toyota Tsusho Corporation| | House of Habib| | | Business 😠 | | | TOYOTA GROUP|   | Technology & KD Parts|   | | Materials, Parts & Logistics Support| | | Technology KD Parts| | | Hilux Frame & Deck| | | VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS OF TOYOTA Indus Motors Co. The value chain is a sys tematic approach to examining the development of competitive advantage.It was created by M. E. Porter in his book, Competitive Advantage (1980). The chain consists of a series of activities that create and build value. They conclude in the total value delivered by an organization. The ‘margin' depicted in the diagram is the same as added alue. The organization is split into ‘primary activities' and ‘support activities. ‘ Primary Activities: Inbound Logistics: Here goods are received from a company's suppliers. They are stored until they are needed on the production/assembly line. Goods are moved around the organization. Toyota motors purchase their raw material from all around the world. In order to maximize their availability of raw material Toyota motors maintain good relationship with their suppliers. Toyota use JIT (Just In Time) approach for handling of raw material.Toyota Genuine oil is classified by quality using the Amarican Petroleum institute classi fication, ILSAC standerd and ASEA standerds, and by viscosity using the SAE classification Operations: This is where goods are manufactured or assembled. Individual operations could include organizing the parts to make new cars ;amp; the final tune for a new car's engine. Toyota motors are known for their reliability which comes from efficient operations. Outbound Logistics: The goods are now finished, and they need to be sent along the supply chain to wholesalers, retailers or the final consumer.Toyota motors manage their own Show rooms in different countries. Toyota motors make their product easily assessable. Area number of dealers Sindh 8 Punjab 12 Baluchistan 1 Islamabad (capital) 2 Azad Kashmir 1 Marketing and Sales:In true customer orientated fashion, at this stage the Toyota motors prepares the offering to meet the needs of targeted customers. This area focuses strongly upon marketing communications and the promotions mix. and 40% market share of this company and advertising budget 30%. and no sales promotion. and this company maintain market leadership. Service: This includes all areas of service such as final checking, after-sales service, complaints handling, training and so on. Toyota value their customers. And warranty-1 year/2000 miles.Support Activities Procurement: This function is responsible for all purchasing of goods, services and materials. The aim is to secure the lowest possible price for purchases of the highest possible quality. Toyota motors will be responsible for outsourcing (components or operations that would normally be done in-house are done by other organizations), and e-Purchasing (using IT and web-based technologies to achieve procurement aims). Technology Development: Technology is an important source of competitive advantage.Companies need to innovate to reduce costs and to protect and sustain competitive advantage. Toyota motors implemented production technology, Internet marketing activities, bend manufacturing, Customer Relationship Management (CRM), and many other technological developments Human Resource Management (HRM): Employees are an expensive and vital resource. Toyota motors manage recruitment and selection, training and development, and rewards and salary. Toyota motors consider their employees as HUMAN CAPITAL.The mission and objectives of the Toyota motor is the driving force behind the HRM strategy. Toyota motors uses following techniques to retain their employees: * Employment * Selection * Training and development * Compensation * Maintenance Firm Infrastructure: This activity includes and is driven by corporate or strategic planning. Toyota motors implemented Management Information System (MIS), and other mechanisms for planning and control in different departments. SUGESSIONS & RECMENDATIONS * Toyota motors should use Value Coalitions for better use of their under utilized recourses.Toyota develops synergies among their recourses. * Toyota should use design to maximize the perf ormance of their operations. Using the value chain approach, processes that provide direct value to the customer are modeled first. Imitative processes that support the value chain processes are modeled. * Reduction in advance amount * Delivery time to minimize * Less costly vehicle with name of Toyota * No delivery charge viewer * No price change for undelivered vehicle * Promotion should be started * Test drive facilities at all deale Five Forces Model Introduction Coca-Cola Company is the world's largest nonalcoholic beverage company. It offers a portfolio of world class quality sparkling and still beverages, starting with Coca-Cola ® and extending through over 400soft drinks, juices, teas, coffees, waters, sports and energy drinks that refresh, hydrate, nourish, relax and energize. Coca-Cola has more than 400 brands are nearly 2,400 beverage products. Four of the world's top-five soft-drink brands are: Coca-Cola, Diet Coke ®, Sprite, Fanta, Thums Up and Limca, which are formulated to appeal to local cultures and lifestyles.With operations in more than 200 countries, we have a diverse workforce of approximately 55,000 Company employees. Coca Cola family of beverages accounts for approximately 1. 3 billion servings worldwide of the 50 billion beverage servings consumed every day-a figure that indicates both strength and growth opportunity of the company. Company profile: Coca-Cola is a carbonated soft drink sold in stores, rest aurants, and vending machines in every country except Cuba and North Korea. 1] It is produced by The Coca-Cola Company of Atlanta, Georgia, and is often referred to simply as Coke (a registered trademark of The Coca-Cola Company in the United States since March 27, 1944). Originally intended as a patent medicine when it was invented in the late 19th century by John Pemberton, Coca-Cola was bought out by businessman Asa Griggs Candler, whose marketing tactics led Coke to its dominance of the world soft-drink market throughout the 20th century.The Coca-Cola Company (NYSE:  KO) is an American multinational beverage corporation and manufacturer, retailer and marketer of non-alcoholic beverage concentrates and syrups, which is headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia. [3] The company is best known for its flagship product Coca-Cola, invented in 1886 by pharmacist John Stith Pemberton in Columbus, Georgia. [4] The Coca-Cola formula and brand was bought in 1889 by Asa Candler who incorporated T he Coca-Cola Company in 1892.Besides its namesake Coca-Cola beverage, Coca-Cola currently offers more than 500 brands in over 200 countries or territories and serves over 1. 7  billion servings each day. [5] The company operates a franchised distribution system dating from 1889 where The Coca-Cola Company only produces syrup concentrate which is then sold to various bottlers throughout the world who hold an exclusive territory. The Coca-Cola Company owns its anchor bottler in North America, Coca-Cola The company produces concentrate, which is then sold to licensed Coca-Cola bottlers throughout the world.The bottlers, who hold territorially exclusive contracts with the company, produce finished product in cans and bottles from the concentrate in combination with filtered water and sweeteners. The bottlers then sell, distribute and merchandise Coca-Cola to retail stores and vending machines. Such bottlers include Coca-Cola Enterprises, which is the largest single Coca-Cola bottler i n North America and western Europe. The Coca-Cola Company also sells concentrate for soda fountains to major restaurants and food service distributors.The Coca-Cola Company has, on occasion, introduced other cola drinks under the Coke brand name. The most common of these is Diet Coke, with others including Caffeine-Free Coca-Cola, Diet Coke Caffeine-Free, Coca-Cola Cherry, Coca-Cola Zero, Coca-Cola Vanilla, and special versions with lemon, lime or coffee. Based on Interbrand's best global brand 2011, Coca-Cola was the world's most valuable brandThe Company manufactures, markets and sells Leao / Matte Leao teas in Brazil through a joint venture with its bottling partners.During 2011, the Company introduced a variety of brands, brand extensions and beverage products: the Latin America group launched Frugos Sabores Caseros; in the Pacific group, Fanta, a fruit-flavored sparkling beverage, was relaunched in Singapore and Malaysia; Real Leaf, a green tea-based beverage, launched two vari eties in Vietnam; and in South Korea it introduced three flavor variants of the Georgia Emerald Mountain Blend ready-to-drink coffee beverage and Burn Intense, an energy drink; the Europe group launched Powerade ION4 in Denmark, Norway, Sweden and France, France launched Powerade Zero; in the Eurasia and Africa group, Turkey launched Cappy Pulpy, and India launched Fanta Powder, an orange-flavored powder formulation; Schweppes Novida, a sparkling malt drink, was launched in Kenya and Uganda; and in Uganda Coca-Cola Zero was launched; in Egypt, it launched Cappy Fruitbite; and Schweppes Gold, a sparkling flavored malt drink, and in Ghana, it launched Schweppes Malt, a dark malt drink. During 2011, the Company sold approximately 26. 7 billion unit cases of its products. The Company’s core sparkling beverages include Coca-Cola, Sprite, Fanta, Diet Coke / Coca-Cola Light, Coca-Cola Zero, Schweppes, Thums Up, Fresca, Inca Kola, Lift and Barq's. Its energy drinks include Burn, Nos and Real Gold. Its juices and juice drinks include Minute Maid, Minute Maid Pulpy, Del Valle, Simply, Hi-C, Dobriy and Cappy.The Company’s other still beverages include glaceau vitaminwater and Fuze. The Company’s coffees and teas include Nestea teas, Georgia coffees, Leao / Matte Leao teas, Sokenbicha teas, Dogadan teas and Ayataka teas. Its sports drinks include Powerade and Aquarius. The Company’s waters include Ciel, Dasani, Ice Dew, Bonaqua / Bonaqa and Kinley. The Company competes with PepsiCo, Inc. , Nestle, Dr Pepper Snapple Group, Inc. , Groupe Danone, Kraft Foods Inc. and Unilever. SOME BRANDS OF COCA COLA Coke's Porter's Five Force Model Coke recognized that designing products, manufacturing processes and marketing strategies are to be internationally standardized.These factors are dictated by the scales of economy of different countries and the imperative need for cheaper means of production. Thus, Coke studied the five industry forces to evolve its competitive advantage over Pepsi. As per Porter’s formula, Coke’s Porter's Five Force Model plan was to differentiate its frontline Cola product from its chief rival Pepsi by adopting certain operational methods. To heighten its competitive advantage, Coca Cola applied the Porter's formula Coca Cola has an enviable track record and there are countless millions of costumers the world over and with its five forces strategy it has succeeded remarkably in differentiating its products. The five forces plan is to assess the status of the industry in the open marketplace.It goes into the nature of competition, examines the external threats and identifies the opportunities to achieve competitive advantage. 1. Intensity of Existing Rivalry The first aspect was the low business rivalry. The market was essentially shared by Pepsi and Coca Cola, with a combined market share of 80 percent. The fact is Coca Cola owns two of the three soft beverages in the market, has few competitors and constantly striving for international presence. The second was to consider the bargaining power with suppliers that can be rated as low. The role of Coca Cola was to primarily supply either sucrose or fructose and undertake the bottling work. Sugar is commonly available and can be bought in the open market.If sugar became overly costly, the company could buy corn syrup instead. They even bought this substitute earlier during the early 1980s. As a matter of fact, Coca Cola buys high fructose corn syrup as its ingredient inside U. S. and sucrose only in countries other than US. * Large industry size Large industries allow multiple firms and produces to prosper without having to steal market share from each other. Large industry size is a positive for Coca-Cola. †¦ â€Å"Large industry size (Coca-Cola)† has a significant impact, so an analyst should put more weight into it. â€Å"Large industry size (Coca-Cola)† is an easily defendable qualitative factor, so com peting institutions will have a difficult time overcoming it. Large industry size (Coca-Cola)† will have a long-term negative impact on this entity, which subtracts from the entity's value. * Mature industry 2. High number of substitutes High number of substitutes (Coca-Cola) which has a significant impact, â€Å"High number of substitutes (Coca-Cola)† will have a long-term positive impact on the this entity, which adds to its value. â€Å"High number of substitutes (Coca-Cola)† is a difficult qualitative factor to defend, so competing institutions will have an easy time overcoming it. 3. Bargaining Power of Suppliers * Water is the main ingredient â€Å"Water is the main ingredient (Coca-Cola)† has a significant impact, so an analyst should put more weight into it. Water is the main ingredient (Coca-Cola)† will have a long-term negative impact on this entity, which subtracts from the entity's value. * Critical production inputs are similar When crit ical production inputs are similar, it is easier to mix and match inputs, which reduces supplier bargaining power; a positive for Coca-Cola. * Low cost of switching suppliers The easier it is to switch suppliers, the less bargaining power they have. Low supplier switching costs positively affect Coca-Cola. 4. Bargaining Power of Buyers * Product is important to customer When customers cherish particular products they end up paying more for that one product. This positively affects Coca-Cola. Product is important to customer (Coca-Cola) which has a significant impact, so an analyst should put more weight into it. * Large number of customers: When there are large numbers of customers, no one customer tends to have bargaining leverage. Limited bargaining leverage helps Coca-Cola. â€Å"Large number of customers (Coca-Cola)† has a significant impact, so an analyst should put more weight into it. 5. Threat of new customers * Strong brand names are important If strong brands are cr itical to compete, then new competitors will have to improve their brand value in order to effectively compete. Strong brands positively affect Coca-Cola. * Customers are loyal to existing brands It takes time and money to build a brand.When companies need to spend resources building a brand, they have fewer resources to compete in the marketplace. These costs positively affect Coca-Cola. Strategic Group Map A Strategic Group Map is used to compare companies within an industry that have similar business model. These companies are compared on the basis of two variables. In the comparison of the companies in the non-alcoholic industry the two variables chosen are the percentage volume change since the last year and the current market share. The diagram identifies the two direct competitors in the industry which are PepsiCo and Coca-Cola Company. The diagram also shows that they compete on the basis of the market share of the industry and volume of sales.The two groups that can be easi ly interpreted from the map are of Pepsi and Coke and the other group being Dr Pepper the other one. Pepsi and Coke should be on high alert as the volume a change of the other group is gaining. It is not likely for any of Conclusion: Finally, to consider the possible threats of substitutes that may again be rated as low. There are quite a few reasons why the threat of substitute is low – particularly against Coca Cola. The foremost of them is brand loyalty. Coca Cola has an enviable track record and there are countless millions of costumers the world over, who would never abandon the brand and other Coca Cola products. There is no denying that Coca Cola has succeeded remarkably in differentiating its products.