Failing Public Education In America Education Essay Free Essays

string(399) sixth grade math in Baltimore, and has enlightened me on a few events regarding how non just herself, yet even English teachers, are non permitted by the removal to redress kids ‘s syntax, and that her students go to her classification with math achievements pleasing that of a second or third grader, however she is required to hold them arranged for the seventh class by the terminal of the twelvemonth. The American open guidance framework is dismissing on the universal graduated table. This is not, at this point the assessment of only a couple of individuals ; it is being demonstrated clasp and clasp again over the mature ages by numerous departments depicting upon scholastic achievement of students around the world. In this exposition, I will back up my case that the guidance framework by and by in topographic point is inconsistent, and that there are numerous fruitful hypothetical records that could be followed so as to change our framework, and achieve achievement globally. We will compose a custom article test on Bombing Public Education In America Education Essay or on the other hand any comparable theme just for you Request Now Probably the best educational systems known to mankind, for example, those in South Korea or Finland, have tremendously various examples from schools in the United States, in things, for example, length of school twelvemonth and makings required for teachers, and the accomplishment from these examples is a lot more prominent moderately. I appreciate larning and I prevailing in the open tutoring framework, however I can truly credit pretty much the entirety of that accomplishment to individual thought process. Of class over the mature ages I had a couple of remarkable educators, unfortunately, they were tremendously dwarfed by teachers who did n’t care about the achievement of their students at all spot. I had teachers like Ms. Leighton and Mrs. Friedman, who motivated me to work more earnestly than ever previously and are my rationale to go an educator. On the other terminal of the range, I had teachers like Mrs. Phillips, who accepted the schoolroom was her open discussion for touting her profound convictions and commitment upon a waxy gathering of children, rather than learning English, or Mr. Connell, whose classification comprised of nil at all identified with Geometry. He would talk his mobile phone and topographic point orders for focuses on EBay, while the students were left to their ain gadgets. I can recover from an extremely juvenile age that I was effectively occupied with school. I cherished everything about school, the cultural cooperation, the new encounters, and especially the procurement of discernment. I was non coordinated in energy by any of my kindred students until the second class. That was the point at which I met Daye. Daye ‘s family had moved here from South Korea simply a few hebdomads before the school twelvemonth began. Daye finished her work quickly and speedily, and figured out how to be amiable with the teacher and her kindred students, despite the fact that she was non talking her local etymological correspondence. I can authentically state, for a seven twelvemonth old, she was more committed to her guidance than any individual I have ever met, even to this twenty-four hours. Despite the fact that I was extremely youthful at the clasp, this was the principal cut I had ever felt tested scholastically. I was self-inspired to keep up walk with Daye , predominantly in light of the fact that I wouldn't be second best. Furthermore, regardless of the way that she tested me, or conceivably as a result of it, she turned into my closest companion. Her family unit got off the accompanying twelvemonth, and we did n’t keep up in contact. Potentially holding a pen pal was unnecessarily running an endeavor for eight twelvemonth olds, in any event, for childs each piece propelled as us. As I assisted in my guidance past basic school, I began to recognize a distinction in my educators. The more established I got, the less intrigued they appeared in their occupations. Of class a couple of educators were as yet associated with their students, and provoked them to work more enthusiastically than achieving at the course of study ‘s low rules, yet the rest of went about just as guidance was simply a way to pay the measures, and nil else. In the sixth class, I obviously recall one of my teachers, after being told by a student that they could non read, she only disregarded and strolled. I was brilliant and a decent understudy ; I was other than miserable for the going to of my teachers. I would raise my manus for each request that was asked, only to have a straightforward â€Å" right or wrong. † By the clasp I arrived at secondary school, even I had lost the thought process I one time had. I despite everything finished the entirety of my work as well as could be expected, however the entirety of the eagerness I one time held for my guidance was no more. Similarly quickly as the school permitted, I began taking propelled course of action and grants classifications. There, I discovered teachers who thought about their students, and different understudies who truly needed to larn. The rest of the school despite everything comprised of the considerable number of things I had developed to dislike. I ‘m certain I was informed regarding hebdomadal about how my school was appraised among the best open secondary schools in the state, with their star muscle heads with third grade understanding degrees and the D standards required to participate in athleticss or â€Å" respect students † with straight A ‘s, three out of their four classifications being Gym, Weightlifting, and Fitness Principles, all of which they could take each semester all through secondary s chool. I had seen propelled course of action classes as a departure from my mistake every twenty-four hours, however I was non persuaded this is the thing that school ought to be ; I ‘m still non persuaded. Over portion of my class graduated with grants ; I ‘m sure that was a hard exertion sing roughly 90 % of work was reviewed on culmination instead of accuracy, yet the school boasted about it nonetheless. Achievement of a school ought to n’t be founded on an honor winning football crew or the capacity for most understudies in classs nine through 12s to experience a preliminary dependent on the perusing, initiation, and math achievements that should hold been aced by sixth class. I know from both the measurements and from companions and family unit that my school is non the solitary one of such low quality or unsatisfactory examples, however that it speaks to our state ‘s government funded schools all in all in many cases. My sister Teachs sixth grade math in Baltimore, and has educated me on a few events concerning how non just herself, yet even English educators, are non permitted by the removal to amend kids ‘s language structure, and that her students go to her classification with math achievements obliging that of a second or third grader, however she is required to hold them arranged for the seventh class by the terminal of the twelvemonth. You read Bombing Public Education In America Education Essay in classification Paper models Teachers at my sister ‘s school are advised non to redress the children ‘s syntax in dread of hurting their emotions, however on the off chance that no 1 revises them in school, what are the open doors that children structure these achievements by the clasp they enter the work power? Authoritative strategies, non single teachers, are to blame for the low measure of guidance. What teachers could really be persuaded to learn in a framework where compensation class is non dependent on progress or results, only clasp genuinely spent in the schoolroom? The government funded educational system is ignoring both broadly and in single territories. Among the worldwide rankings each piece late as 2010, the United States positions fourteenth in perusing, 25th in arithmetic, and seventeenth in logical order ( Shepherd ) . The United States is non even inside the best 10 of any mensural theme. The main five states known to man for guidance incorporate South Korea, Finland, Canada, New Zealand, and Japan ( Shepherd ) . Twenty-five for each centum of United States secondary school students neglect to graduate inside the allocated four mature ages, and as the Miami Herald states it, â€Å" huge numbers of the individuals who do graduate are not well arranged for the requests of school and calling, † ( Bush ) . For what reason are different states turn trip progressively effective in their guidance designs? House Education and Labor Chairman, George Miller, claims, â€Å" The contrast between the states at the highest point of these rankings and the U.S. is that the states who are outperforming us have made building up the best guidance framework known to man a national goalaˆÂ ¦They ‘ve perceived that the quality of their financial framework will be inseparably attached to the quality of their guidance framework in the twenty-first century, † ( Graves ) . This is obviously support for the way that guidance ought to go a more prominent priority in this state. As George Miller expressed over, a fruitful guidance framework in twist prompts an effective monetary framework. Any critical expansion in nature of guidance would straight result in monetary expansion in the millions, just in the accompanying barely any decennaries ( Graves ) . Notwithstanding passing probably the mo st noteworthy totals internationally on guidance, we are still non wining, bestowing to the idea that the help is non the activity, however how it is being put to use ( Bush ) . One writer, Amy Richards contemplates, â€Å" 25 for each centum of the United States populace is practically ignorant, incapable to deliberate with a word reference, to understand stamps or follow essential composed waies, † ( Richards ) Based upon late nose check informations, the number of inhabitants in the United States is around 311,591,917, which blending to Richards ‘ guarantee, implies that there are around 77,897,979 individuals in the United States totally that are uneducated ( Google Public Data Explorer ) . That is most likely an immense figure of individuals, and a sudden figure for such a created state as the United States. One record concerning why definitely our government funded educational systems are ignoring is the being of zero-resilience approaches for guidelines inside schools, which

LAB report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Lab Report Example Then again, a dry thickness got through affecting of vitality on the dirt depends on the main beginning substance of water which is alluded to as the trim substance of water. Becoming more acquainted with the connection between the embellishment substance of water and the attainable thickness is a point that has been of worry for a long time. The dry condition, and an embellishment content water increment could lead into a high dry thickness compaction. The pattern will consistent until when the greatest dry thickness is accomplished at an ideal water content trim. As the water expands, there would be a persistent dry thickness decrease. Such a response would be alluded to as the bend of compaction. So as to increase a more profound understanding concerning compaction, this analysis was set to examine the compaction test. The example shape base and form mass would be resolved to the closest gram. The shape breadth and profundity were estimated. The form profundity was around 3 spots where as the trim distance across was around 6 spots + or-0.02 mm. The sledge, mass, appropriate drop, and square edges was checked for harms. A very much evaluated sand with fine that are under five percent was utilized to facilitate the research center guidance. A material with particles that are larger than usual was chosen to show the test viewpoints. Enough sodden material was chosen to give out roughly 12 kg of soil that is dry. The normal substance of water was gotten. The measure of materials required for the purpose of compaction was evaluated. Five examples having substance of water isolated by 1.5 percent were readied. The water substance were balanced with the end goal that they section the worth that was ideal. The dirt was tempered for the time being to decrease the dissipate in the information therefore maki ng it simple to characterize the bend of compaction. The compaction test was done in regard to the principles of the ASTM test

Fun Hobbies

Fun Hobbies What occupies your time? When we have the choice of choosing what to do with our time away from the stresses of everyday commitments, the temptation to sit back, relax, and go on gazing at the TV is difficult to resist. These moments are fleeting and provide us with an unmatched opportunity to explore our interests. When thinking about this, we need to ask ourselves a simple but very powerful question: What can benefit me most? The answer is different for each one of us in each stage of life we find ourselves in. Sometimes drawing can be far better for our mental health than sifting through research opportunities to enhance our resumeâ€" and sometimes the exact opposite is true. It serves us well to remember that every experience in which we apply our intelligence is an opportunity for personal growthâ€"most importantly, the experiences which push us to think in new ways. Progression is not about a checklist made by the collective, but rather how we as individuals come to find better ways to utilize our time. What better way to spend our fleeting minutes than something that genuinely interests us? The Search When thinking about what to do with our time, we often fall into the flow of selecting activities that are known to be safe. An example of this is turning on a show that were binging. We know that it will entertain us for a period of time and allow us to relax, but what if instead we chose to do something new? Think back to the last time you felt that you were doing something beneficial for your own growth while feeling a sense of enjoyment. What were you doing, and how did you feel in that moment? Was it something that you felt at ease doing? Using innate curiosityâ€"our inner sense of wonder about the worldâ€"is what enables us to make great discoveries for ourselves and form new channels of growth. The search for a project becomes ever easier with genuine curiosity at the helm of our mindset. We shouldnt worry over failing because the only true failure is the failure to persevere when faced with challenge. We owe it to ourselvesâ€"if not to the rest of the world unburdened by free timeâ€"to try and improve our abilities, be they physical, mental, spiritual, or a combination of each. Difficulty The question of difficulty is irrelevant when it comes to doing things that will help us grow. This does not mean that we need to go to the extreme with an endeavor and proceed recklessly without regard for the proper steps that need to be taken to best achieve the goal at hand (researching how to sand wood before purchasing whatever materials we see in the store for a desk were designing, for example). The point here is that we need to visualize what it is we seek to improve within ourselves before leaping right into the thick of things. Of course, this does vary depending on what we are looking to improve. When it comes to choosing a skill tree such as physical fitness, it would make the most sense to first consult a licensed professional regarding proper form as well as your physician for any health concerns to watch out for if a diet plan and intense exercise are on your list. On the other hand, if you want to write and reach people through it, then reading and learning from oth er writers is the way to go. Both are avenues worth pursuing, but the strategy by which they are pursued is variant, and this is where the fun comes in. Finding what youre interested in is step one because it will turn into less of a chore and more of a journey you want to go down. The Cost Everything that molds us into better people requires sacrifice. Imagine that you were seeking to purchase self-improvement, and upon looking at the price tag, you were greeted with a word and an underscore next to it. The price of improving ourselves is only as out of reach as we make it out to be; it can be affordable, cheap even, or it can be too much for some of us. The price is simple, but requires effort instead of dollars. The price tag lists the following: Sacrifice + ______. The underscore is the space in which the time we spend dedicating ourselves to our own improvement is to be inscribedâ€"not by a pen, but rather by our efforts. Only by pursuing a genuine interest of ours can we hope to improve ourselves, and only by genuinely becoming interested in ourselves can we begin to work towards that hope. Regards, Maaz Maaz Class of 2022 I am a Pre-Medical student studying Community Health with a concentration in Health Policy Administration interested in improving healthcare delivery systems through both public health and medical practice. My posts are targeted toward helping high school students improve their self-improvement and actualization strategies as they further their own personal and professional development.

Disordered Eating and the Media Essay - 1344 Words

The media constantly sends out an influx of images and messages promoting an almost unattainable unrealistic image of beauty, that has consistently been linked to disordered eating and body dissatisfaction, predominantly among girls but can also be seen in boys. Throughout the years the ideal body shape has progressed from voluptuous and curvaceous an image Marilyn Monroe emulated to a slimmer and leaner frame in congruence with high fashion models such as Kate Moss (Katzmarzk Davis, 2001). Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia nervosa affect between 1% and 4% of young adult females (American Psychiatric Association, 1994). Eating disorders have been linked to body shapes and images present in the media (Shorter, Brown, Quinton Hinton, 2008).†¦show more content†¦In another study, Heinberg and Thompson (1995) showed ten-minute videotapes of commercials to female students at a college that glamorized thinness or contained non-appearance-related images. Women who viewed the videota pe that contained images that emphasized the importance of thinness in regards to beauty, were found to have higher levels of depression, anger, weight dissatisfaction, and overall appearance dissatisfaction. In fact women with high dispositional levels of internalization showed greater levels of dissatisfaction with their weight and overall appearance after watching the tape, in contrast to participants with low-internalization who showed a decrease in dissatisfaction with weight and appearance (Heingberg Thompson, 1995). Brief exposure to images promoting thinness as a prerequisite to beauty increases psychological distress and body image dissatisfaction, and as a result of these findings it is important to note that increased exposure may result in severe consequences (Heingberg Thompson, 1999, pp. 334). Internalization may help explain why some girls who have the idea that thinness and beauty are linked together engrained in their mind exhibit disordered eating behavior and higher levels of body dissatisfaction then other girls who hear the same message daily (Heingberg Show MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Media On Body Weight And Disordered Eating1203 Words   |  5 Pagesattractive,† Media has a significant impact on body weight and disordered eating. This one time isolated syndrome of â€Å"eating disorders† is now emerging as a place of importance in our society. Rhetorical Purpose: 2 â€Å"One reason it is so important to understand how the rhetoric of popular media coverage of anorexia articles maintains women s marginalization is that The American Anorexia and Bulimia Association [AABA] (2001) estimates that five million U.S. women suffer from some form of eating disorderRead MoreAnalysis of Article: â€Å"Influence of Mass Media on Body Image and Eating Disordered Attitudes and Behaviors in Females† by Jordi Fauquet, et al.747 Words   |  3 PagesMass media consists of a range of multimedia technologies that have enhanced our way of communication. The media conveys norms and attitudes that socially construct those who are involved. Inadvertently, the media depicts a widely accepted misconception of personal image. â€Å"Influence of Mass Media on Body Image and Eating Disordered Attitudes and Behaviors in Females† reveals the high correlation between media content and females’ idea of beauty. Although the article does not specify on their intendedRead MoreEffects Of Anorexia On Eating Disorders937 Words   |  4 Pages Binge eating is characterized by uncontrollable overeating in which people devour huge amounts of food while feeling ungovernable and incapable to stop. (HelpGuide 1) People with binge eating disorder don t have episodes of recovery like bulimia, As a result, those who suffer under the wrath of this eating disorder put on weight very quickly and are always trying to make themselves feel better about their weight. Binge eating is a coping mechanism, whereas bulimia is a compulsion where one divulgesRead MoreWhy Do Teens Suffer From Eating Disorders1596 Words   |  7 Pages October 20, 2015 Why Do Teens Suffer from Eating Disorders: Annotated Bib It is no new discovery that teenagers in America tend to have a conflict with eating disorders. This problematic issue tend to affect many young teens just as the people that surround them, those who care for them. People might stop to think why teens struggle so much with eating disorders or how can this issue be wiped out. The thing is people need to be well aware of eating disorders and there definition and try to findRead MoreSociocultural Factors that Lead to Eating Disorders in Young Women1604 Words   |  7 PagesSociocultural Factors that Lead to Eating Disorders in Young Women According to the DSM-5, anorexia nervosa is characterized by â€Å"distorted body image and excessive dieting that leads to severe weight loss with a pathological fear of becoming fat† while bulimia nervosa is characterized by â€Å"frequent episodes of binge eating followed by inappropriate behaviors such as self-induced vomiting to avoid weight gain† (DSM-5, American Psychiatric Association, 2013). These two disorders most often affectRead MoreSports Media And Body Image1235 Words   |  5 PagesMini-Paper Article 1: Sports Media and Body Image Tia DeHaan The article Must See TV or ESPN: Entertainment and Sports Media Exposure and Body-Image Distortion in College Women by Kimberly L. Bissell and Peiqin Zhou examines how media promotes an idealization of thinness in college-age women. The study by Bissell and Zhou takes place at a southern college university in the United States, and compares and contrasts the entertainment industry and sports media on disordered eating and body dissatisfactionRead MoreInfluence of American Mass Media Ideals on Body Image and Eating Disorders in the U.S1243 Words   |  5 PagesMass media have an enormous impact on society and how people act, especially in developed countries. How do mass media influence views of body image and the development of eating disorders? People living in countries influenced by Western culture show concern for their appearance or dietary habits daily. This paper will analyze the effect of mass media on the issues of body image and eating disorders in the United States. According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV-TRRead MoreEating Disorders: Physical and Psychological Damages Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, and Disordered Eating825 Words   |  4 PagesEating Disorders: Physical and Psychological Damages Anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and disordered eating. Thats all we see in the bathroom stalls on the seventh floor in Hayes Ââ€" Healy. What exactly are anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and disordered eating? Anorexia, bulimia, and disordered eating are habits that become an eating disorder. There are two sides to understanding the problems of eating disorders. One side is the emotional or psychological side that is affected by eating disordersRead MoreEssay855 Words   |  4 Pages1995 compared to the sample in 1998. The results also show the significant increase in number of girls scoring more than 20 on the EAT 26 questionnaires; with 8 girls scoring above 20 in 1995, increasing to 19 girls in 1998. Thes e results show that media and westernized television, are having a huge impact on the way we see ourselves and kick start the self-improvement we unnecessarily need and start to take too far. A strength of this study is that the qualitative data collected in the conventionalRead MoreThe Unique And Additive Associations Of Family Functioning And Parenting Practices With Disordered Eating Behaviors Essay1599 Words   |  7 Pages The title of the article is The Unique and Additive Associations of Family Functioning and Parenting Practices with Disordered Eating Behaviors in Diverse Adolescents. This article was written by Jerica M. Berge with the Department of Family Medicine and Community Health at the University of Minnesota Medical Schools in Minneapolis; Melanie Wall with the Department of Biostatistics at Columbia University in New York, NY, as well as the Division of Biostatics of the Department of Psychology and the

The Craft of the Cover - 2628 Words

There is nothing new under the sun. This could be considered to be the unofficial credo of the Postmodern movement, and it wouldn’t be an inaccurate statement to make. There are few universal themes; the pursuit of love, the satisfaction found in hard work, the youthful struggle against the status quo, the hatred of oppression and control being among those most often quoted, and there are only so many ways to package and repackage these messages in a fashion readymade for public consumption. Pop culture is like a melting pot for these ideas. It is a cultural stew brimming with themes and Grand Narratives. And yet the Postmodernists scorn the idea that there can be new themes discovered, and new modes of presenting those themes in a†¦show more content†¦Understandably, this could be construed as laziness on the part of the artists. In David Harvey’s writings on Postmodernity, he discusses the chaos and superficiality that has accompanied our modern condition. Mo dernism had a certain idealism accompanying it, and Postmodernists, Harvey argues, have attempted to co-opt that idealism while at the same time diminishing the accomplishments of Modernism. â€Å"As even Jencks admits, Postmodernists have taken over all the achievements of the Modernists in architectural design, although they have certainly altered aesthetics and appearances in at least superficial ways† (Harvey, 179). This of course is the exact same practice that modern musicians are engaging in, claiming the musical achievements of those that came before and dressing them up in a new aesthetically appealing way. Harvey goes on to make the argument that this co-optation is occurring because of essentially a lack of imagination, or desire, in the Postmodernists in creating new Grand Narratives. It seems more sensible to me to see the latter [Postmodernism] as a particular kind of crisis in the former [Modernism], one that emphasizes the fragmentary, the ephemeral, and the chaotic side of Baudelaire’sShow MoreRelatedProviding For Homeland Security During The United States1496 Words   |  6 Pages sensor deployment, and intervention. Sensor deployment is the least addressed of these three areas due to several issues inherent to the marine space. Platforms for sensor deployment must be able to persist at sea for varying periods of time and cover wide swaths of water with minimal power. Additionally, they must convey the data they collect back to shore without the advantage of land-based networks. Finally, varied cost constraints restrict the use of many of these platforms. Various platformsRead MoreObservation of Cabinet Meeting for a Craft Show Essay916 Words   |  4 PagesObservation of Cabinet Meeting for a Craft Show I went to observe a meeting of an organization. This is an organization of select craftsmen who try and get there handcrafted wares to the public. The purpose of the meeting is to plan and organize craft shows and how they are going to get the people to come to the shows. The main topics of the meeting was craft shows and different items the members were going to try and sell to the public. The organization meets once a monthRead MoreEssay On Mats765 Words   |  4 PagesDecorate your home on the cheap with these easy ideas for refinishing old items once destined for the trash and simple craft projects that require only a few inexpensive supplies. Plus, we’ve made your DIY coin bank even easier by creating the perfect label! Tray Chiccabinet-tray Old cabinet door destined for the landfill? Don’t be so closed-minded! With paint and a pair of drawer pulls, a salvaged cabinet door makes a great tray for entertaining. Fill any holes in the board with wood filler fromRead MoreProject Charter Essay1264 Words   |  6 Pagesthe product create a safe haven for those children with working parents or those who need care for any reason throughout the summer months but it also inspires creativity and engages the imagination while keeping the brain active through arts and crafts and reading. Objectives What objectives, if any, of the company is this project designed to meet? The objective is to become more involved within the community, while using community funded businesses, such as the local library and localRead MoreAristotle s View On How Virtuous Action Differs From That Of Craft1370 Words   |  6 Pagesexamine Aristotle’s view on how virtuous action differs from that of craft (techne) action due to its issuing from a firm and unchanging disposition, as well as provide Aristotle’s reasoning as to why this is the case. In order to understand the differences between these two types of actions, one must first understand the similarities that both virtuous action and craft action share. Once the common traits of both virtuous and craft action have been examined, it will be possible to gain a better understandingRead MoreMarine Amphibious Warfare During World War II1184 Words   |  5 Pagesof your choice during World War II represent a continuum of development from either an earlier war or represent a radical departure from the same? From the shores of Tripoli to beaches of Kuwait the innovation and design of the amphibious landing craft(LCPL) has crossed many thresholds occupied by enemies that deemed it formidable by any attempt to utilize as an entry point of invading forces. However, Americans have never taken the road most traveled in means of warfare. America has been seen asRead MoreThe United States Government Covers Up Files And Reports1124 Words   |  5 Pages There s something in the sky! This Paper will prove that the United States Government covers up files and reports; and most of the files, and evidence are locked away at area 5e1. For decades area 51 and cover up stories have captured the eye of people, TV, and the internet. The government has covered up numerous accounts, stories, and reports. People often ask many questions about Area 51 such as, where is it, what is it, what is kept there, how big is it, and many more questions of that natureRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem The Bedford Boys 1690 Words   |  7 Pageswould face alone... they would be on separate landing craft in the first wave of the Omaha assault. With various backgrounds, and personal experience they all brought an interesting perspective to the company. Ray Nance was one of the officers in the company, he was a soft-spoken man, but with I high intelligence he was proud to be an officer in the National Guard. At 28 years old he Remembers minutes before the boys getting on the landing craft. He went by and softly touched all of the 34 on theRead MoreCraft vs Profession Essay760 Words   |  4 Pagespolice officers holding a degree and that is whether the law enforcement career is a profession or craft. Although, the classification of police work as a craft, trade, or a profession was the subject of intense controversy, there appeared to be little doubt that the trend toward professionalization was exerting a powerful impact on the field of law enforcement. Many officers argue that policing is a craft that you must have passion for and academies are irrelevant to learning police work. In orderRead MoreSalem Witch Trials : A Part Of History1018 Words   |  5 Pagescolonist were mostly made up of Puritans. Puritans were lead on the firm foundation that the Bible was, is and still the only word. This lead to the belief that this was the only way to convict, judge and execute those of a satanic faith, such as witch craft. The Salem Witch Trials were mostly conducted between the months of February 1692 through the middle of May 1693. By the end of this period over 200 men, women and children were accused of being witches. These accusations were brought on by a group

Sox Research Paper Free Essays

Running head: Nonprofits and SOX Heather Tanenbaum Student ID: 3750548620 Accounting Capstone: Senior Seminar in Accounting ACC499 004016 Summer 2009 Nonprofits and the Sarbanes Oxley Act Submitted: Submitted to: Tee M. Thein Table of Contents Abstract Introduction SOX regulations for nonprofits Reasons for nonprofits to adopt SOX Conclusion Research file memorandum Communication memorandum References Abstract Introduction The Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) of 2002 (U. S. We will write a custom essay sample on Sox Research Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now House of Representatives 2002) was passed by congress as a result of a wave of accounting scandals and related financial irregularities in corporations such as Enron, WorldCom and Tyco. SOX is called the most significant securities legislation since 1933 and 1934 securities ACT. The Act attempted to make ethics more black and white rather than a gray area. The increased guidelines have changed businesses and business relationships. These new requirements have placed greater demands on directors, audit committees, auditors and management. Most, of these provisions where only made towards publicly held companies, similar regulations targeted nonprofit organizations (Panel on the Nonprofit Sector 2005). Two hundred and fifteen nonprofit organizations have voluntarily adopted provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX). Many, nonprofits are currently in the process of adopting SOX. The Panel on the Nonprofit Sector (2005), in its final report to Congress in June 2005, recommends more than 120 actions to be taken by charitable organizations, Congress and the IRS (Internal Revenue Service) to strength nonprofits against, transparency, governance and accountability. The most significant provision of the Act is the requirements in Section 404 the reporting on the effectiveness of internal controls over the financial reporting. PCAOB auditing standard 2 requires that the audit of internal control be integrated with the audit of the financial statements. The PCAOB requirements also only apply to public and private for profit companies, these would be new requirements for nonprofits wishing to adopt to SOX. The requirements of SOX section 404 requirements on internal controls have proven to be quite expensive for public companies (D’Aquila 2004; Pomeroy 2006), further research in to the current state of governance in the nonprofit sector would be beneficial before similar measures are mandated. Nonprofits have several reasons they might be compelled to adopt SOX provisions. First, several states are likely to emulate provisions similar to those of SOX. Some of these new laws incorporate elements of SOX including: expanding whistleblower protection, requiring officers of the organization to sign the corporation’s annual report, appointing an audit committee and increasing penalties against those who commit fraud or impede an investigation of fraud. California passed the Nonprofit Integrity Act in 2004. This Act addresses financial reporting, corporate governance, compensation, independence and fund raising (Silk and Fei 2005). New Hampshire requires audited financial statements for nonprofits with revenues greater than one million. Massachusetts, Connecticut and Kansas have similar requirements (Anderson and Kelley 2006). Second, unethical behavior seems as common in the nonprofit organizations as it does in the private sector. Recent scandals in nonprofit organizations such as: The NYSE, Upsala College, United Way and Education Research Foundation, have had a negative effect on the public trust in their charitable organizations (Gibelman 1997). For nonprofits trust from the public is vital because the majority of their funds come from donors. SOX could result in more positive responses from donors, investors and future board members (Orlikoff and Totten 2004). Finally, some provisions of SOX already apply to nonprofits. Nonprofits must establish whistleblower protection and document destruction policies. Other provisions are inevitable, because of the large amount of grants nonprofits receive which come with the own regulations and restrictions (BoardSource 2003). The purpose of this paper is to provide a reasonable understanding of how nonprofits have been affected by SOX. SOX regulations for nonprofits SOX requires that companies have an audit committee that includes independent members and members of the board. SOX also requires the company to disclosure whether one of the internal auditor is a financial expert and whether they are directly responsible for overseeing the external auditors. This is to ensure that the financial statements are understand, that there is proper communication with the external auditors and that there is an understanding of internal controls. In order to enhance standards for nonprofit accountability and financial reporting all nonprofits should have an independent audit committee (BoardSource 2003). Sox requires that nonprofits disclose whether a code of ethics has been adopted for senior financial officers. If they do not have a code of ethics reasons for not having one have to be disclosed. This is to encourage the development of a code of ethics in order to enhance trustworthiness to contributors and other constituents. The whistleblower protection policy applies to nonprofits as well as for profit organizations. This regulation protects whistleblowers from special damages and attorney’s fees. It also, prohibits the employer from punishing the whistleblower in any manner. SOX provides additional protection for whistleblowers by, instating criminal penalties for actions taken against whistleblowers. Nonprofits should develop confidential and anonymous procedures for handling employee complaints. Although the CEO and CFO do not need to sign financial statements they do need to understand them and ensure that they are fairly presented in all materially respects. The responsibility for approving the financial statements ultimately belongs to the board of directors. Section 404 of SOX requires companies to include an internal controls report along with their annual report. Their internal control report should state the responsibility of management to establish and maintain an internal control structure and procedures for financial reporting. It should also contain, an assessment at the end of the most recent fiscal year as to the effectiveness of internal controls and the procedures for financial reporting (O’Hare 2002; BoardSource 2003; Walters 2003; Tran 2005). SOX requires auditors of public companies to prepare and maintain audit workpapers and other information related to any report in sufficient detail to support the auditors conclusions, for a period not less than seven years. Failing to do so is a criminal offence subject to fines and up to ten years in prison. Existing standards for audits of nonprofits do not include a mandated audit documentation retention period. Instead, those standards require nonprofits and auditors to retain records long enough to sastify any pertinent legal requirements of record retention. Reasons for nonprofits to adopt SOX Larger organizations with more resources will be more likely to adopt SOX. The public and media are more likely to be harsher on larger nonprofits, which makes them more likely to have stronger governance mechanisms. The board of directors have the ultimate responsibility of overseeing proper financial statement presentation (BoardSource 2003; Walters 2003). Research on the relationship between board size and firm value has had mixed results. Yermack (1996) provides evidence that smaller boards are associated with a higher firm value. In 2008, Coles find that are diversified among industries or have high leverage, are more likely to benefit from a larger board of directors. Corporate governance characteristics, have been shown to be related to the size of the board. Bradbury (1990) finds board size and intercompany ownership to be determinants of voluntary audit committees in public companies. In another study shows that larger boards are more likely to create audit committee boards (Beasley, Salterio, 2001). In a NASDAQ over the counter study done by Pincus (1989), he found that managerial ownership, leverage, size of the company, proportion of outside directors to total directors, use of Big 8 auditors and participation in the National Market System are related to voluntary formation of audit committees. As a result as the size of the board of directors of a nonprofit increases, so does the likely hood that they will voluntarily adopt SOX. Nonprofits with independent boards of directors are also more likely to adopt SOX. The main reasons nonprofits would voluntarily adopt SOX would be to increase the trust in the public in order to receive more funds. However some nonprofits, feel that the provisions in SOX burden the nonprofits so much that it is beneficial not to adopt SOX. These nonprofits strongly believe that SOX should not be required for nonprofits for the following reasons: †¢ One, nonprofits are grassroots organizations with small staffs and have boards filled with community- minded people with little or no business and management background. If SOX was required out of these nonprofits, the staff would be overwhelmed, along with the board and it would take away from the nonprofits primary mission. †¢ Two, nonprofits are already held to higher standards by the public then private or government agencies because, if the public doesn’t trust the organization they won’t donate their money. Also, nonprofits receive a large portion of their funds from government grants which are held to strict oversight and laws and regulations. †¢ Three, certain regulations of SOX will increase overhead costs and make the nonprofits look less efficient to contributors. On the other hand, by voluntarily adopting SOX, nonprofits are showing to the public that they are concerned about protecting funds, increasing operating efficiency and effectiveness, also enhancing accountability. Conclusion Research file memorandum Communication memorandum References Anderson, S. , and C. L. Kelley. 2006. Advising nonprofit organizations. The CPA Journal 76 (8): 20-26. Beasley, M. S. , and S. E. Salterio. 2001. The relationship between board characteristics and voluntary improvements in audit committee composition and experience. Contemporary Accounting Research 18 (Winter): 539-570. BoardSource. 2003. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act and implications for nonprofit organizations. Available at: http://www. boardsource. org/clintfiles/Sarbarnes-Oxley. pdf. Bradbury, M. E. 1990. The incentives for voluntary audit committee formation. Journal of Accounting and Public Policy 9 (1): 19-36. Broude, P. D. 2006. The impact of Sarbanes-Oxley on private nonprofit companies. Foley and Lardner, LLP. Available at: http://www. foley. com/publications/pub_detail. aspx? puibid=3511. Coles, J. L. , D. D. Naveen, and L. Naveen. 2008. Boards: Does one size fit all? Journal of Financial Economics 87 (2): 329-356 D’Aquila, J. M. 2004. Tallying the cost of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. The CPA Journal 74 (11): 6-9. Gibelman, M. , S. Gelman, and D. Pollack. 1997. The credibility of nonprofit boards: A view from the 1990s and beyond. Administration in Social Work 21 (2): 21-39. Grant Thornton LLP. 2006. Grant Thornton National Board governance survey for not-for-profit organizations. Available at: http://www. granthornton. com/staticfiles/GTCom/files/Industries/NotForProfit/nfp_board1. pdf. GuideStar. 2005. Nonprofits, Sarbanes-Oxley, and the states. Available at: http://www. guidestar. org/DisplayArticle. do? articleId=779. Hempel, J. , and A. Borrus. 2004. Now the nonprofits need cleaning up; Cozy boardrooms at colleges and charities face increasing government scrutiny. BusinessWeek (June 21): 107. Hymowitz, C. 2005. The Sarbanes-Oxley era, running a nonprofit is only getting harder. Wall Street Journal (June 21): B1. O’Hare, P. 2002. Sarbanes-Oxley raises red flag for not-for-profits. Healthcare Financial Management 56 (10): 42-44. O’Regan, K. , and S. M. Oster. 2005. Does the structure and composition of the board matter? The case of nonprofit organizations. Journal of Law Economics and Organization 21 (1): 205-227. Orlikoff, J. , and M. Totten. 2004. Applying for-profit governance reforms. Healthcare Executive 19 (3): 52. Panel in the Nonprofit Sector. 2005. Strengthening transparency, governance and accountability of charitable organizations. Available at: How to cite Sox Research Paper, Essays

Mitosis Essays - Fertility, Developmental Biology, Reproduction

Mitosis Mitosis is the process of asexual reproduction. Humans use meosis which is a process of sexual reproduction.Mitosis is the process of asexual reproduction. Humans use meosis which is a process of sexual reproduction.Mitosis is the process of asexual reproduction. Humans use meosis which is a process of sexual rMitosis is the process of asexual reproduction. Humans use meosis which is a process of sexual reproduction.eproduction.Mitosis is the process of asexual reproduction. Humans use meosis which is a process of sexual reproduction.Mitosis is the process of asexual reproduction. Humans use meosis which is a process of sexual reprodMitosis is the process of asexual reproduction. Humans use meosis which is a process of sexual reproduction.uction.Mitosis is the process of asexual reproduction. Humans use meosis which is a process of sexual reproduction.Mitosis is the process of asexual reproduction. Humans use meosis which is a process of sexual reproduction.Mitosis is the process of asexual reproduction. Humans use meosis which is a process of sexual reproduction.Mitosis is the process of asexual reproduction. Humans use meosis which is a process of sexual reproduction.Mitosis is the process of asexual reproduction. Humans use meosis which is a process of sexual reproduction.Mitosis is the process of asexual reproduction. Humans use meosis which is a process of sexual reproduction.Mitosis is the process of asexual reproduction. Humans use meosis which is a process of sexual reproduction.Mitosis is the process of asexual reproduction. Humans use Mitosis is the process of asexual reproduction. Humans use meosis which is a process of sexual reproduction.meosis which is a process of sexual Mitosis is the process of asexual reproduction. Humans use meosis which is a process of sexual reproduction.Mitosis is the process of asexual reproduction. Humans use meosis which is a process of sexual reproduction.Mitosis is the process of asexual reproduction. Humans use meosi s which is a process of sexual reproduction.Mitosis is the process of asexual reproduction. Humans use meosis which is a process of sexual reproduction.Mitosis is the process of asexual reproduction. Humans use meosis which is a process of sexual reproduction.Mitosis is the process of asexual reproduction. Humans use meosis which is a process of sexual reproduction.Mitosis is the process of asexual reproduction. Humans use meosis which is a process of sexual reproduction.Mitosis is the process of asexual reproduction. Humans use meosis which is a process of sexual reproduction.Mitosis is the process of asexual reproduction. Humans use meosis which is a process of sexual reproduction.Mitosis is the process of asexual reproduction. Humans use meosis which is a process of sexual reproduction.Mitosis is the process of asexual reproduction. Humans use meosis which is a process of sexual reproduction.Mitosis is the process of asexual reproduction. Humans use meosis which is a process of s exual reproduction.Mitosis is the process of asexual reproduction. Humans use meosis which is a process of sexual reproduction.Mitosis is the process of asexual reproduction. Humans use meosis which is a process of sexual reproduction.Mitosis is the process of asexual reproduction. Humans use meosis which is a process of sexual reproduction.Mitosis is the process of asexual reproduction. Humans use meosis which is a process of sexual reproduction.Mitosis is the process of asexual reproduction. Humans use meosis which is a process of sexual reproduction.Mitosis is the process of asexual reproduction. Humans use meosis which is a process of sexual reproduction.Mitosis is the process of asexual reproduction. Humans use meosis which is a process of sexual reproduction.

Confederation essays

Confederation essays On July 1, 1867, celebrations occurred nationwide as confederation passed and Canada became an independent country. With the uniting of Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, the Dominion of Canada was created. Obtaining the right to confederation was a long and difficult process. In September 1864, Canadians proposed the idea of a Canadian Confederation at the Charlettown conference (Waite). Two years later in December 1866, delegates from Canada attended another conference in London, England, in order to further discuss these plans. This historical meeting was chaired by Sir John A. Macdonald, and the future Fathers of Confederation all attended. Queen Victoria approved the British North America act On March 29, 1867, and it was put into place on July 1, 1867 (Canada and the making). Confederation is the most significant event that has ever occurred in Canada. It not only created a unique and stable country, but also established a federal form of government, while at the s ame time protecting the heritage of our French Canadian citizens. Canadas birth was different from the birth of any other nation. Its creation was not achieved through war or revolution. It was not a popular uprising of people. Nor was it a call for independence by Great Britain (Waite). It was merely a group of people with a dream for a promising country who obtained this through a process of negotiation. Confederation allowed Canada to become an independent country that would be strong economically. At that time, Canadians feared the United States idea for Manifest Density, by which they hoped to take over all of North America. Confederation stopped this in its tracks (Bain et al. 2). As well, the cancellation of the free trade agreement with all of North America due to the establishment of Confederation raised Canadas economic status. By uniting the provinces the completion of the Canadian railway was enabled. This incr...

Ice and the Density of Water

Ice and the Density of Water Why does ice float on top of water rather than sink, like most solids? There are two parts to the answer to this question. First, lets take a look at why anything floats. Then, lets examine why ice floats on top of liquid water, instead of sinking to the bottom. Why Ice Floats A substance floats if it is less dense, or has less mass per unit volume, than other components in a mixture. For example, if you toss a handful of rocks into a bucket of water, the rocks, which are dense compared to the water, will sink. The water, which is less dense than the rocks, will float. Basically, the rocks push the water out of the way or displace it. For an object to be able to float, it has to displace a weight of fluid equal to its own weight. Water reaches its maximum density at 4 C (40 F). As it cools further and freezes into ice, it actually becomes less dense. On the other hand, most substances are most dense in their solid (frozen) state than in their liquid state. Water is different because of hydrogen bonding. AÂ  water molecule is made from one oxygen atom and two hydrogen atoms strongly joined to each other with covalent bonds. Water molecules are also attracted to each other by weaker chemical bonds (hydrogen bonds) between the positively-charged hydrogen atoms and the negatively charged oxygen atoms of neighboring water molecules. As the water cools below 4Â  C, the hydrogen bonds adjust to hold the negatively charged oxygen atoms apart. This produces a crystal lattice, which is commonly known as ice. Ice floats because it is about 9% less dense than liquid water. In other words, ice takes up about 9% more space than water, so a liter of ice weighs less than liter water. The heavier water displaces the lighter ice, so ice floats to the top. One consequence of this is that lakes and rivers freeze from top to bottom, allowing fish to survive even when the surface of a lake has frozen over. If ice sank, the water would be displaced to the top and exposed to the colder temperature, forcing rivers and lakes to fill with ice and freeze solid. Heavy Water Ice Sinks However, not all water ice floats on regular water. Ice made using heavy water, which contains the hydrogen isotope deuterium, sinks in regular water. Hydrogen bonding still occurs, but its not enough to offset the mass difference between normal and heavy water. Heavy water ice sinks in heavy water.

The creation of Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) Essay - 1

The creation of Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) - Essay Example The commission ought to carry out educational campaigns across the various departments of the firm on the importance of safety practices.1 The members of the safety commission have to research continuously on safety measures and emerging health issues. The committee has to cooperate with a companys customers in order to obtain and act on complaints raised by consumers concerning the firms products. In order to do this, the commission tests the products on a random sample basis, analyze the results, and make inferences and deductions on the appropriateness of the product. Further, the commission develops alternatives and solutions in order to achieve consumer protection. The Consumer Product Safety Commission must develop a mission statement to give the commission a sense of direction. The commission draws and properly labels the groups organizational chart and clearly defines every members duties and responsibilities. The composition of the safety committee should have a representative from each department in the organization2. The board appoints a chairperson who will be responsible for presiding over meetings. The appointment of the secretary and vice-chair is similar to that of the chairperson. The chairperson as the head of the committee will discharge duties such as formulating the agendas of the meetings, to oversee orderly meetings, make follow-ups on recommendations and to link management to the commission3. The vice-chair will assume leadership in instances where the chairperson is absent during meetings. The secretary of the commission takes minutes of every meeting convened and disseminates information to every member appropriately4. The commission shall agree on the frequency of meetings whether quarterly, monthly or weekly as circumstances will deem it fit. The safety commission should draft a policy that will guide it in proper selection and recruitment of members.

What Is Postmodernism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

What Is Postmodernism - Essay Example The essay "What Is Postmodernism" gives a detailed information about postmodernism. One hand, it is quite difficult to provide proper description of the periods when the transitions are happening and on the other hand it is also not possible to figure out properly the main signs of postmodernism. Perhaps it is the 30s, when the first time the term postmodernism was used. During this time postmodernism actually referred to change in historical spectrum of the Western world as well as certain changes that became conspicuous in the prevailing Art forms. It is the 1970s, when postmodernism drew huge attention from scholars in every field. In his book, A Primer on Postmodernism, the author Stanley J. Grenz has commented about prevailing influence of postmodernism, â€Å"First it denoted a new style of architecture. Then it invaded academic circles, originally as a label of theories expounded in University English and philosophy departments. Eventually it surfaced as the description for a broader cultural phenomenon.† If an attempt is made to find the basic concept of postmodernism, it is quite clear from the term itself that postmodernism signifies a movement that seeks to go beyond the modernism and widen the scope as well as significance of modernism. Postmodernism basically follows the main principles of modernism but at the same time it rejects just the modern process of thinking and introduces more aspects to the whole matter. In order to understand postmodernism it is important to understand the modernism.

The Main Causes Of Juvenile Delinquency

The Main Causes Of Juvenile Delinquency Juvenile justice is a system of state bodies that execute justice in cases of crimes and offenses committed by juveniles, as well as state and private structures conducting monitoring of correction and rehabilitation of juvenile offenders and the prevention of juvenile delinquency, family welfare and child rights. In 1824 in New York the first reformatory for children was created to protect them from sharing in prison with adult criminals. In 1831 the Illinois Law foresaw that the punishment of juveniles for certain types of crimes should be distinguished from punishment for adults. In 1869 in Boston (Massachusetts) the court hearing to deal specifically with cases of inconsistencies juveniles was first organized and it was implemented the first experience of the Terms of Probation (educational supervision), becoming later one of the most common and, according to Americans the most effective methods of treatment of juvenile offenders. U.S. Federal Law already contained a requirement of consideration of cases involving minors under the age of 16 years, apart from cases of adult offenders. Later, in July 1899, in Chicago under Illinois Law About abandoned children, street and crime children and about how they are treated the first Childrens Court was established. Adoption of the Law and the creation of juvenile court was initiated by Lucy Flower, the member of the Chicago Womens Club, Julia Latrop, themember of public organization Hull House, the society of patronage  «Visitation and Aid Society ». To deal with cases of juveniles new issues were introduced: a new concept of law offender as delinquent, which differs from the concept of criminal. This concept has found the consolidation of the status of a juvenile offender, who became the subject of juvenile justice. The first juvenile court was established in Australia (1890), then these courts were established in Canada (1894) and in 1899 in the United States. In connection with the acute need of the society the League of Nations established in 1919 Child welfare Committee, which considered the rights of children mainly in the context of the measures that need to be taken against street children, slavery, child labor, child trafficking and prostitution of minors. Important role in the development of social standards for the protection of children in this period played a non-governmental organizations, in particular the International Save the Children Alliance, founded by an Englishwoman Eglantayn Jebb in 1923 by the Council that was set up shortly before the non-governmental organization the International Save the Children Alliance, Children Rights Declaration. This Declaration, that was named Geneva Declaration, was approved the next year the fifth Assembly of the League of Nations. In 1924 League of Nations in Geneva, at its 5-th session adopted as proposed by the International Children Care Union the Declaration of the Rights of the Chi ld. This was the first document in international law for the protection of the rights and interests of children. In the framework of international protection of human rights of United Nation Organizations General Assembly on 10 December 1948 adopted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, and in 1966 the International Covenants on Human Rights. The Declaration and the covenants made a number of provisions specifically relating to the rights and interests of children: the principle of equality of children, the norms of protection of motherhood and childhood, to protect children from exploitation, the right of children to get education. Analyses of the causal factors of criminal behavior of juveniles are complex forms of social behavior, deterministic system of interrelated issues. These issues can be divided into biological and social. Ancestor of biological trends in criminology was the Italian doctor a psychiatrist and criminologist Cesare Lombroso (1836 1909), who linked the criminal conduct of a man with his anatomy. The hypothesis of the existence of such a relationship had an impact on scientists to find the second half of the 20 century. They are, in particular, the theory of Y-chromosome. In accordance with the norm for women is characterized by a set of chromosome-type XX, for men XY. But sometimes there is a pathology associated with the appearance of an extra X or Y-chromosome. Some researchers (Price, Witkin) suggest that the presence of extra » Y-chromosome in males causes a tendency to wrongful conduct. The phenomenon of crime can be more fully explained in addressing the social issues influencing its formation. Social factors can be divided into two groups: macro-and micro social. Macro-factors: 1. Low living standards of the most of population, a strong contrast to the distribution of income in society. 2. Deficiencies in the development of leisure-time system: poor organization of a network of clubs, clubs, sports clubs, the lack of concern for the integration and consolidation in the minors in difficult living conditions and upbringing. 3. Disadvantages of the educational activities of schools and vocational-technical schools. 4. Weaknesses in the employment of minors, as well as training them in the labor collectives. 5. Penetration in youth behavior inconsistent with societal values. An important role is played by the media: movies, series, television, newspaper and magazine articles, as well as the Internet. Micro social issues: 1.Negative influence of the family. Family is the most important social institutions. It is in the family where the formation of the individual adolescent starts. But not all families can be considered to be the favorable background for the development of the child. Contribution of adverse families in juvenile crime by some estimates is 30-35%. 2. Hypo Custody is the lack of proper control over the child, often turning into neglect. 3. Negative influence of informal peer groups. 4. Instigation causeà Ã‚ ² by adult offenders, which, according to the randomized studies, are not less than 30% of cases. As one can easily see from the above mentioned the formation of criminal motivation is affected by a complex of factors. Without knowledge of these factors it is inappropriate to talk about crime prevention, which will be discussed further. United Nations Guidelines for the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency The Riyadh Guidelines proclaims the prevention of juvenile delinquency as the permissibility of the prevention of crime in society. The Riyadh Guidelines provides several levels of implementation of measures to prevent juvenile delinquency: The first level of prevention, as general measures, is to promote social justice and equality of opportunity, which, in turn, contributes to eliminate the root causes of crime such as poverty and other forms of marginalization; The second level of prevention, admeasures to help children belonging to high-risk groups, such as those whose parents are experiencing particular difficulties or neglect their parental responsibilities; The third level of prevention, including measures to avoid unnecessary contact with the formal justice system, as well as measures to prevent repeat offenses. In fact, in Riyadh Guiding Principles as an essential component of the first and second levels of prevention, as well as, perhaps, to a lesser extent, prevention, third level, reflected many of the rights set forth in the Convention on the Rights of the Child. For example, the normal standard of living and access to the educational system, the positive values instilled in children, are both the rights of the child (in the Convention), and elements of the first level of prevention (in the Guidelines). As to the second level of prevention, in this regard, both documents are based on the concept of the primary responsibilities of the family to ensure the welfare, protection and upbringing of the child, that reinforced the obligations of signatories to Convention countries to assist families in fulfilling this role and at the same time to intervene in cases when parents clearly are not willing or able to assume these responsibilities. And by encouraging the adoption of retaliatory measur es against the offender, to avoid recourse to legal proceedings, and setting as the primary purpose of any such measures the social reintegration of a child, the Convention thus reflects a problem in the third level of prevention, as outlined in the Guidelines. The consequence of such a uniform approach, of course, should be the maximum development of initiatives supported by the community and to the family. This is not a task only for specialists in the field of juvenile justice, and for a wide range of state and public organizations with competence in this area. There is no doubt partly because of the extent of the tasks, responsibilities of the organizations have not yet been identified, and actions unsystematic. So prevention and reintegration in the full sense of the word still remain the weakest links in the chain of activities to improve the system of juvenile justice. In practice, efforts to prevent juvenile delinquency are in matter-of-fact identical to the observance and protection of child rights, that are proclaimed by The Convention. This is not surprising, but it is rarely mentioned. Besides, there are still many specialist debating often in spite of the documentary evidences on terms that although are not in every sense of the cause of crime, but at least increase their likelihood. For example, the poverty the absolute and relative in some circles is still considered to be motivation for crime, despite the fact that the Riyadh Guidelines has officially recognized as a factor at the international level. In accordance with one of the classifications, two types of prevention are distinguished: primary prevention and rehabilitation (secondary) prevention. The main prevention is the object of its impact on young people who have not committed any illegal acts, and has a preventive nature. Rehabilitation prevention applies to adolescents who have been in contact with the formal system of public justice and is designed to prevent future, perhaps more serious wrongful acts. However, not always possible to track the effectiveness of preventive measures as the percentage of imperfect crime is nowhere recorded. Another classification reflects the prevention of various types of social action and reaction to the growing crime rate. According to this classification, prevention is divided into a punitive, remedial and mechanical. Punitive prevention lies in the threat of punishment, which is intended to intimidate and prevent the commission of criminal acts. Remedial prevention lies in the influence of the causes and factors, which could be a potential trigger for the wrongful conduct. Mechanical prevention is most often used in so-called crime areas, to prevent crime and is enhanced security measures and increased police control. Program of punitive prevention, is widely spread in many countries around the world are trying to curb juvenile delinquency, the emergence of gangs and their involvement in criminal behavior through oversight, including ongoing monitoring by the police, and targeted prosecution. Suppression means active intervention, fully legitimized by the State, it was originally declared as a correct and therefore does not require special justification and absolutely no evaluation of results. The approach from the standpoint of suppression is characterized by the fact that all completely ignores the propaganda of the desired behavior, only suppressing undesirable. External aggression can in many cases only strengthen the cohesion of delinquent adolescent groups, so this kind of prevention makes sense to use when all other measures. In recent years a growing number of opportunities and the relevance of the participation were caused by local communities in the fight against teenagers and young delinquency. There are programs aimed at education and training groups and representatives of local communities that are experiencing growth in a juvenile delinquency to implement informal control over young people and involving young people in the positive activities. Program of individual and group social and psychological assistance include camps, group homes, alternative schools, shelters. Particular attention should be given to homeless teenagers, and teenagers who have lost family or relation to it, left without family education, as they are by virtue of adverse events most at risk of involvement in delinquent activity. Implementing preventive programs they should take into account the linkages teenage delinquent groups with adult organized crime. In addition, delinquent groups may exist with members of local communities. Recent studies have shown that the differentiation of offenders and victims are usually not by sex and age, but by differences within each gender. That is, the perpetrators and victims of the same sex present different types of masculinity or femininity. Thus, when developing prevention programs should be gender noted. At the same time, many preventive measures have not given to the effect that they were expected to give. Especially ineffective is the struggle with membership in teenagers and youth groups (gang). Juvenile delinquency often mistakenly is considered to be an individual phenomenon, and the group aspect is almost ignored. However, delinquent acts are committed mostly by teens in the group, so the preventive work must not take into account the psychology of the individual, and group dynamics. It is also important to pay attention to the specifics of subcultural groups, which will be directed by preventive measures. Recent studies have shown that the differentiation of offenders and victims are usually not by sex and age, and gender differences. At the same time, whilst development of the programs to combat juvenile delinquency, gender police in practice is not considered. Also noteworthy development of the displacement problem of prevention programs from one socio-cultural environment to another. Thus, together with mentioned traditional methods of preventive work, now there are new promising strategies for prevention. Until they become part of a general practice, careful theoretical and practical testing of their capabilities and limitations. Ideas of social reform and work with the person as a priority has the impact on crime prevention and criminal behavior, including recidivism should not move to the background. Historical lessons have clearly demonstrated the lack of direct correlation between lower crime rates and the rate of punishment, as a fundamental means of coercion. In this context, the most acute issues differ from reorientation of criminal policy on the prevention of juvenile delinquency. A special place in this system will hold individual level to prevent delinquency behavior of juveniles. The society now is the witness of the policy of valueless policy. During the next twenty years the program of State Fund should be implemented to promote general social and common specially-criminological prevention ultimately realized by working with each individual juvenile.

Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s The Confessions: A Review Essay

In Confessions by Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Rousseau seeks to explain who he is by trying to paint layer by layer, a portrait of himself, without missing any details and having his end product being interpreted by his readers. Rousseau was born into a lower class family, part of the commons, in a childhood mixed with medieval and modern values and lifestyles. Rousseau was a product of a mother and father who married out of love, being born into a nuclear family rather than the traditional big family of the medieval times. His mother passed away at Rousseau’s birth and even though his father abandoned him at a young age, he still had a close relationship to Rousseau for he thought him how to read. As Rousseau grew older, he became independent and begun an apprenticeship as an engraver. In his confessions, he reveals an experience of being beaten at the age of 11 by a much-loved female nanny twice his age—and desiring to be beaten again, which he evaluates as being his admission into the world of adult sexuality. Rousseau does not agree with the medieval traditions of corporal punishment. He believes beating children will lead them to become mischievous, sneaky, and sexual deviances. Rousseau’s intended audience was made for the general public of Europe to read. He wanted to express his individualism and try to get his audience to know his true self. Rousseau also wanted the public to know all his secrets and love him regardless so he can establish the personal bonds which he describes were stripped by money, â€Å"the money you have gives you freedom. The money you pursue enslaves you†. Given that man contributes his mutual consent to money as a store of value in a society, Rousseau believes money has both positive and negative traits. He states that money is virtuous since it gives an individual independence but goes on to also state that money brings the disadvantage of breaking personal bonds. Moreover, the significance and effects of The Confessions reaches toward the emphasis of discipline and upbringing of children. Rousseau tells his audience how childhood experiences can carry psychologically into adulthood, especially in relation to the development of sexuality and deviance. The Confessions influenced society to change. Even though some members where not comfortable with this change Rousseau had regardless already brought upon the ideas which reformed the way of many individuals’ outlook and thinking towards their families, children, money, personal bonds, private properties, etc.

Jazz Music And Its Influence On The Music - 3105 Words

Jazz music as we know it today has evolved since the early twentieth century. Its’ evolution is due to the influence of many different players who have added their own styles, interpretations and techniques. Two masters of Jazz who have been a big influence on the music are cornet and trumpet player, Louis Armstrong, and piano player, band leader and arranger, Duke Ellington. Each came from different socio-economic and geographical backgrounds, but both became masters of their trade, reached worldwide fame and became legends of the music. There is much legend attached to the story of Louis Armstrong, this is mainly due to the fact that Louis was quite liberal with the truth of his beginnings and often contradicted his own stories. If we were to take his word for it, Louis was born Daniel Louis Armstrong in James Alley, on the fourth of July, 1900. However, by piecing together what little facts are known, it can be proved that he was not given the name Daniel, nor was he born o n the first American Independence Day nor was he born in James Alley. It is still difficult to state with any certainty an accurate date for Louis’ birth. To quote one source â€Å"It has now been discovered that he was actually born on 4 August 1901† and another source states â€Å"The evidence, then, suggests an 1898 birthdate.† The reason why we do not have accurate records of his birth is because at the time he was born, black people had sunken back into illiteracy – Louis’ mother could read and writeShow MoreRelatedThe Influence Of Jazz Music2019 Words   |  9 PagesJazz is one of few purely American art forms. Its creation came out of the southern United States and the social conditions associated with the relationship between the white and African American communities there (Larson 1). African American musicians in particular were the key proponents in the development of jazz in the early 20th century. The creation and shaping of jazz mus ic came from a combination of the musical styles of spirituals, the blues, ragtime, and Western European classical musicRead MoreAmerica s Original Music Form : The Influence Of Jazz2552 Words   |  11 PagesAmerican Literature 1 April 2015 America’s Original Music Form: The Influence of Jazz The creation of jazz at face value is normally credited to the minorities in the United States, mainly the African Americans, but was modified and adapted to be culturally and socially acceptable to the middle and upper classes of white Americans. 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James C. Modern Christian Thought Volume 1 The...

Book Review: Livingston, James C. Modern Christian Thought Volume 1: The Enlightenment and the Nineteenth Century. 2nd Ed. Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 1997. ISBN-13: 978-0-8006-3795-8. 448. pp. (Kindle Edition: 10285 locations). By: TidSureyah Tach, ID# 339560 October 21st, 2014 Bibliographic data: James C. Livingston (died July 31st, 2011 at age 81) was a faculty member in Religious Studies and administration at the College of William and Mary from 1968 to 1998. Professor Livingston was the founding chair of the Department of Religion, when he earned a promotion to full professor in 1973. He became the Walter G. Mason Professor of Religion in 1986. Beyond serving in major committees, Livingston was also the first dean of the undergraduate program. Author and credentials: In 1994, Livingston received the Thomas Jefferson Award (highest honor from his teaching College). He authored and/or edited 11 books and wrote more than 100 articles. Two of his books were widely used (Modern Christian Though—first published in 1997, and The Anatomy of the Sacred). Furthermore, he received fellowships from the American Council of Learned Societies, National Endowment for the Humanities and the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. The subject of the book, author’s purpose and intended audience: The history of Christian thought in the modern era was a quest of today’s Christian. Faith in a multi-denominational society decreases a sense of belonging. Since the Enlightenment someShow MoreRelatedPatriotism and the Youth in India3101 Words   |  13 Pages1 1 How, When and Where How Important are Dates? There was a time when historians were fascinated with dates. There were heated debates about the dates on which rulers were crowned or battles were fought. In the common-sense notion, history was synonymous with dates. 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HD30.4.W46 2011 658.40071 173—dc22 I. Cameron, 2009040522 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 ISBN 10: 0-13-612100-4 ISBN 13: 978-0-13-612100-8 B R I E F TA B L E O F C O N T E N T S Preface xvii Introduction 1 PART I 1 2 3 PERSONAL SKILLS 44 Developing Self-Awareness 45 Managing Personal Stress 105 Solving